Advantages And Disadvantages Of Permutation

When the first participant had identified the colors of both the Squiggles Cards and the Word Cards, the flipper shuffled each deck. The second participant was announced, and the cycle continued.

Encryption technique is the translation of data into a secret code that will prevent hackers or identity thieves from being able to break or read the data that is sent across the network.

When a fellow general received the message, he would wrap the paper around his corresponding scytale to decipher the message (Tyson 2014). Since the advent of computers though, encryption has become increasing important and relies almost solely on cryptographic means to secure information. When speaking about encryption today, it refers more to the process rather than the mathematical formulas used to scramble data. The basic idea behind encrypting a computer message is such that it is scrambled with a sequence of random bits, known as a key, and only parties with the corresponding key can transpose it back into a comprehensible format. These keys are created via a cipher, otherwise known as an algorithm. When a user sends a message, known as the plaintext, across a network, the computer applies an algorithm to the information to encode it, resulting in a ciphertext (Encryption Basics 2014). This method can be best summarized visually:

For example using the numbers 1-2-3 again, the three combinations where the numbers are in ascending order, so 1-2-3, 2-3-1, and 3-1-2 will be facing one way and the sequences 1-3-2, 2-1-3, and 3-2-1 will be a mirror image of the original number sequences spiralateral. The way I know that this is true is because I used two of my number sequences and drew them out and then I checked

being attacked, encrypt it with a secret key to obtain an encrypted bit stream . For that AES encryption is used. After AES encryption, will embed at the fourth bit position of . Some related information about the mosaic image generation process into the mosaic image for use in the secret image recovery process are also embed at the last fourth bit position of . Such information, described as a bit stream I like M, includes the following data items: 1) encryption key; and 2) total length of before encryption. After all this process Target image with mosaic image, residual value and all information that required to recover original image are transmitted to receiver

This coding method helps to remove the redundancy between row vectors and column vectors of a block. For each 8 × 8 block RCRC generates r, which represents the row reference vector (RRV), and c, which represents column reference vector (CRV as cited in [1]. Vectors r and c may be viewed as 8-tuples which can acquire values 0 ≤ ri ≥ 1, 0 ≤ ci ≥ 1 and 1 ≤ i ≥ 8. A comparison between pairs of rows and columns from the block b is done in an iterative manner. The result of comparison gives the reduced vector. If the rows or columns of a given pair are identical, then the first pair of vector is kept for future use and the second pair of vector is eliminated, the second pair of vector corresponds to the duplicate pair. The final vector contains the reduced block. If the vectors in the given pair are not identical, then both of the vectors are preserved. The preserved vector pairs of rows and columns are stored in RRV and CRV,

Goal of coding theory is different to data hiding method even though both methods use the error correction codes [23]. In coding theory, syndrome equation in the first stage of decoder block is used to detect and correct error which is not expected in advance at the encoder block, whereas in data hiding, syndrome is used to choose proper coefficients to insert a watermark signal and decrease distortion. In the embedding process, by choosing proper e(x), some of the host image bits are modified intentionally.

She will shuffle the black-black sections and the red-red sections. Point up the squaring of the deck. It’s important for maximum impact that they see and remember this clean mix. If she shuffled evenly there should be few, if any, errors.

One word of caution - this table only works if the rotation is Blue, Red and Gold. If the rotation switches to Blue, Gold, Red, then the table must change also. It is simple to do and to write into your notebook in case the line order changes during a game. If you have four forward lines, keeping the same relative rotation is easier but again, be prepared in your notebook for those changes.

Information security is a major concept in today’s industrial and computer era, so security must be higher to protect the confidential data. Information security plays major role in computer and network security with the use of different cryptography algorithms that includes the encryption and decryption of data with the uses of the algorithm and the key. By means of text or numerical key for the encryption can be dangerous because with the several hack attacks that a key can be broken. So I have proposed a new mechanism that will replace the text key with the image pixels and can gain high security which cannot be easy to break without prior knowledge.

Frigaard, C., Gade, J.T., Hemmingsen., Sand, T.:Image compression based on a fractal theory. In: Institute for Electronic Systems, Aalborg University (1994)

used color and codes in order for the viewer to understand the map that was given. The codes

　　 They use the law of similarity to create different patterns, which is made by individual umbrellas. At the end of the video, the different patterns and words we perceive is due to the similar characters as we perceived them together, which implied the law of similarity. Then, the different color of the pattern and the words also helps us to distinguish the characters from the background. However, the relationship between the color of the background and the color of the pattern highlights the idea of figure ground relations,

Multimedia security is ever demanding area of research covering different aspects of electrical engineering and computer science. In this chapter, our main focus is encryption of JPEG2000 compatible images. Though both stream and block cipher have been investigated in the literature, but this chapter provides a detailed study of block cipher as applied to images, since JPEG2000 generates various subband sizes as blocks. In the first section, we briefly define various encryption components like wavelet transform, bit plane decomposition, XOR operation, artificial neural network, seed key generator and chaotic map functions, for interest of the reader. Later in section 2, we present literature review of various encryption techniques from two perspectives: applications to highlight scope of research in this domain; and approaches to provide overall view of multimedia encryption. The section three provides a new two-layer encryption technique for JPEG2000 compatible images. The first step provides a single layer of encryption using a neural network to generate a pseudo-random sequence with a 128-bit key, which XORs with bit planes obtained from image subbands to generate encrypted sequences. The second step develops another layer of encryption using a cellular neural network with a different 128-bit key to develop sequences with hyper chaotic behavior. These sequences XOR with selected encrypted bit planes (obtained in step 1) to generate doubly-encrypted bit planes. Finally,

Symmetric encryption is the earliest and widely popular encryption technique. This technique uses a secret key which can be a string of words, numbers which are randomly selected to effect confidentiality. The secret Key is applied on the original message to change the content into a cipher. The modification of the message to the cipher might be a simple reordering of the message letter sequence to complex alterations. With the help of the secret key the sender and the recipient can encrypt and decrypt messages respectively.