Al Islam : A Major Economic And Cultural Center

Wars were also part of the crisis, notably the Hundred Years War between England and France. In 1328 the French Capetian line ended. England’s Edward III (d.1377) claimed the French throne, but a cousin to the Capets, Philip of Valois, became king (d.1350). War soon began. Armored knights on horseback were the backbone of medieval armies, but English peasants using the longbow had begun to change the face of war. When the French king was captured, a treaty was signed in 1360: France agreed to pay ransom, the English received land in France, and Edward renounced his claim to the throne. Using guerilla tactics, the French regained their lands, but in 1415 England’s Henry V (d.1422)

The Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian war, was a conflict fought between 1765 and 1763. It was between Great Britain and France. “ In the early 1750’s, French expansion into the Ohio River Valley brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies.” The signing of the Treaty of Paris and Hubertusburg ensured that the “colonial and maritime supremacy of Britain strengthened the 13 colonies.” This war, to a great extent, marked a turning point in the relationship between the colonies and Britain due to taxes, and land.

The French and Indian War started in 1754. It lasted 7 years which is why it is commonly referred to as The Seven Year War. It was a fight between France and Britain over who controlled North America. The Indians sided with the French to combat the British. This was because the Indians thought France would be fairer to them than the British had been in the past.

Pre-Islamic Arabia was a culture knit together by kinship. In this society there was no emperor or ruling elite. The people of pre-Islamic Arabia were bound together by nomadic tribes who made profit by trading and most importantly “raiding”. These raids were often described as small-scale warfare and were instrumented by tribal leaders in order to increase the wealth and power of the tribe (Gordon 5). This was the society in which Islam came to power. Warfare and raiding were essential in order to be successful in pre-Islamic Arabia. The integration of warfare into the Islamic religion created a similarity among Muslims, those who follow Islam, and non-Islamic Arabian people. This relationship and common interest established by the prophet Muhammad helped in the rise of Islam among non-Islamic

The Ottoman Empire was an empire that came to its rise during the year 1299, the empire was a strong follower of the Islamic religion, they were also one of the biggest reasons for the spreading of the religion. The Holy crusades ended during the year 1291, this was just a few years before the Ottoman empire was founded. The Religious wars were far from finished though, religions would keep on fighting for their beliefs for a long time, even until the current day. The Ottoman Empire did not have as much discrimination towards other religions though, they instead invited them through a system called Millet.

The French and Indian War was between the French and Indians, against the American colonies and English. This seven year war lasted from 1754-1763. During this time the French

The French and Indian wars is the general name for a series of wars and conflicts between Great Britain and France during a period of 75 years. The fought over the possession of North America for territorial expansion in general, and for the rich fur trade around the Hudson Bay region specifically.

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne. Once this war was over people were able to travel without having an immediate threat because no one was roaming the sea.

Britain continuously roared for war since the early 1600s. Since the dominance of the land ownership was on the Britain’s part they were continuously moving into Frances territory. And they weren’t looking to stop expansion any time soon. The Conflict arose when France decided to expand. And Britain

The expansion showed new types of secure exchange and banking for the multiple merchants along Eurasia. For example, Abbasid merchants learned to journey in groups, as singles were prey to threatening pirates and weather. The Al-Andalus, or Islamic- Spain prosperity, showed the effects of distant communication, as Umayyad directors increased diets and trade under the new 10-mile capital at Cordoba. Also, Islamic economic members invented the “sakk,’’ a systematic word for “check’’ that granted merchants the right to trade credits with other businesses. Overall, distant connections inspired new economic structures for the massive Islam.

France won the war and made the French people feel like they could be invincible. The English said this about the French, “ In the beginning they passed not a hundred in number they said how the noblemen of the realm of France, knights, and squires, shamed the realm, and that it should be a great wealth to destroy them all: and each of them said it was true,” (doc 2). From the point of view of the English, they thought they were higher than the English and were stronger and would win the war. After 116 years, when the war ended, the French were on top, showing their strength. Joan of Arc was unique because not only was a female that led the French army, but she led it because she said God told her to.

Henry V and Charles VI died within a few months of each other. Soon after, the baby Henry VI was announced to be the king of England and France

Islam soon acquired vast amounts of territory in Afro-Eurasia, and according to the map, “The Growing Worlds of Islam (900-1500),” it occupied an area from parts of central Asia to West Africa and Eastern Europe by the start of the sixteenth century. This map documents the phases of the growth of Islam for six hundred years, which combined with further analysis will reveal each step in the conquest of each new phase of territory. Controlling all of these nations created standardized trade and common business practices throughout the empire. Using already intact trade routes, such as the Silk Roads, documented in the map provided as document 1, the Islamic empire built an economic system that was unified by common religious beliefs. Comparing the trade routes mapped on both the Silk Roads map and the “The Growing Worlds of Islam (900-1500)” map, one can see that they are very similar, suggesting that they remained the same and that the Islamic empire just took over the control of each. Yet it was not just the Silk Roads that saw a revival at the hands of Muslim commercial excursions. The Mediterranean and Indian Ocean sea routes, as well as the trans-Saharan routes were given new life as well due to the Islamic empire. These routes not only produced trade, but they also opened up opportunities for new agricultural products and a sharing of ideas and innovations. These

     For the first few years of the war there wasn't much happening except English raids into France and Flanders. Then, in the 1340s, England and France took opposite sides in the long-running civil war over who should be the duke of Britanny. In 1346 this resulted in a French invasion of Gascony and the shattering French defeat at Crecy. The English then rampaged through western France, until a truce was signed in 1354, brought on by the devastation of the Plague, which hit France heavily in 1347 to 1348.

The Battle of Agincourt occurred in the middle Ages, on October 25, 1415. This battle is one of the most memorable and strategically fought battles between England and France. The Battle of Agincourt involved England and France near Agincourt. The Battle of Agincourt happened during the “Hundred Years War”. The hundred year War began in 1337 and ended in 1453. The hundred years war actually lasted 116 years. The Hundred Years war included England, France and later Burgundy. Sometimes England won the battles and sometimes France won (Keegan 79).