Albrecht Durer’s Self-Portraits
Introduction
The life of Albrecht Durer is described as that of a person who spent it on influencing art, culture and society during the Northern Renaissance. During his time, he represented and witnessed some of the most momentous events in the modern European history, including both cultural and religious dimensions of the religious humanist movement1. He conceptualized the movement of Martin Luther as part of the larger matrix of religious and theological reforms that were grounded in the humanistic study of Christianity. Since he was the first artist in the north that attempted to change the medieval style of religious devotions to reflect new Renaissance styles and concerns, he was able to give a visual touch to a few significant changes in the culture of Christianity. It is significant to understand the complex dimensions of the Northern Renaissance through Albrecht Durer’s art as reflected in his self-portraits.
The History of the Northern Renaissance
There are various reasons which explain why the Renaissance occurred late in the northern part of Europe. First, it was eliminated from the trade centers and the Mediterranean culture. As a result, trade, towns and advanced ideas that came with wealth were developed slowly in the north than all other parts of Europe2. The greater influence of the church and feudalism also kept the social, political, and intellectual institutions more backward and medieval and this, in turn, offered more
The Renaissance (meaning rebirth) took place in Europe during the period between 14th and 17th century. The epicenter of this movement was Florence, Italy. The Renaissance influenced: the arts, music, literature, politics, religion, technology, and society. The Renaissance was the key in the development of Western Civilization.
Mr.Green says that the Renaissance was the rebirth after all the terrible things that happened throughout the dark ages of the 14th century Europe. The Renaissance happened during the 15th and 16th century in Europe but mostly in Italy. It supposedly ushered Europe into the modern era of rationality, secularism, and individualism. The Renaissance
The renaissance started in the 1300s in Italy. It began in Italy because it was different than other european countries. For example cities such as Florence, Milan, Venice and Genoa expanded in the Middle Ages. They became a main trade and manufacturing location. Most of these inner city states are known to be major sea trade routes.Which made Italy to be the place where the renaissance
The rise of Europe's north was a direct result of all the advancements and developments made through southernization. Expansion and acquisition of territories such as in Africa and the Americas led to prosperity in the north. Europe hadn’t really caught up with the north until the industrial revolutions that rocketed north into position of global dominance. Southernization was heavily affected by climate and location and accomplishments during the time are the reason the north became powerful and prestigious and the south became
The Renaissance was a time of change. It began in Italy during the 14th century, and spread throughout the North. People all over Europe were affected, for the better and for the worse. Some people finally had a chance to
Urbanization happened in Europe and it happened during the 1350. The reason for Urbanization was too few peasants left alive, from The Black Death, to seed and take care of the land. The peasants decided to move to the cities and find better lives and work for themselves. With the peasants ether dieing from The Black Death or moving to the cities the nobles could not find labours to work their lands. Then they l moved to the cities to find work for themselves. I think that this led toward the Renaissance more than the others because it was a new beginning for the people.
Throughout this time period, the differences between the Italian and Northern Renaissance were different in so many ways. To start with, the rebirth of Italy came at the beginning of the 1300s whereas France’s began about a 100 years later, and England came around
A key factor as to why the Renaissance was later in arriving in northern Europe is due to its location. Northern Europe was further removed from the centres of trade in the Mediterranean. As a result trade and progressive ideas that come with wealth developed more slowly in the north of Europe. The cities of Milan, Florence, and Venice had become very successful during the end of the Middle Ages. Northern Italy was able to lead the Italian Renaissance due to the Mediterranean, the central location for trade. They controlled trade with Asia mostly through the silk road and also through importing spices
The Italian and Northern European Renaissance was the marking point for leaving behind the old ways and moving into the more classical ideals and civilizations for Italy and Northern Europe. However, Northern Europe developed their ideals more slowly then Italy did. “For one thing, the north held on to Gothic (or "Middle Ages") art and architecture with a tighter, longer grip
The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and technological changes that swept Europe from the end of the 13th century. It was integral in developing Europe into a powerhouse. Although, each part of Europe was subjected to different changes, there were two primary renaissances, which were most notable. They were the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Both of these renaissances had a profound impact on Europe. But they also had some typical differences among them and each was unique in its own way.
Starting his work based off of the Catholic faith, Dürer is a revolutionary artist of his time. During his life in the years 1471 to 1528, he transitioned to following the teachings of Luther which reflected in his work. In the time of his life, he traveled from his Germanic home of Nuremberg, which is a central hub for theological and political discourse, to to the southern regions of Europe. In his period of wondering he located himself in Venice where he inhabited styles from the classical works of the time. Albrecht Dürer revolutionized the way northern renaissance artwork was portrayed be intermingling his knowledge of Italian classicalism with his strong northern renaissance background.
Wanting to be recognized as a theorist and handsome man, he has once given himself the appearance of a charismatic living god. A self-portrait that was done at the age of 28, 1500, he adored himself and was one of his favourite subjects. As a man of style and sophistication, he would portray himself in fine clothes unlike his father, a plain and simple German craftsman. Proud of his long and luxurious hair, under a floppy black-and-white cap it flows, coiled and bright as shown in his self-portrait on how he portrayed himself at the age of 13. Dürer was then recognized for having a mighty flow of ideas, images, and surrealism for the 20th century. His art were not just simple like the solitary mind but of an entire culture that was anything but
While studying with Michael Wolgemut, Durer was introduced to the art of woodcutting and stain glass. During his first trip to Italy Durer studied the form and techniques of Schongauer’s engravings. “Martin Schongauer, was known as the most talented engraver and painter of the early German school”(Hapgood). Schongauer's life was the creation of a large number of beautiful engravings, which were largely sold, not only in Germany, but also in Italy and even in England. Durer admired and respected Schongauers style of engraving and was able to learn a great deal from his studies. He made his first trip to Italy. Upon his return to Nuremberg, where he remained for ten years, he devoted himself largely to the making of woodcuts and engravings, “becoming the first Nuremberg to take up the art of engraving” Strieder).
Each artist is an individual with a unique style, and although these styles can be similar in practice – the individuality of the artist often proves the discriminating factor for a successful artwork. Self-portraits are beneficial when looking at the individuality of the artist as there are two aspects to look at – the artist’s style, and the artist’s view of him/herself. The latter can provide a brief insight into the mental situation of the artist as well as any apparent influencing factors of the artwork. This view can often also include fragmental insights into the society and culture of the time. Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh are 2 artists of whom are well represented by this statement.
In the 1968 art exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity L. D. Harmon and K. C. Knowlton take a simple picture of two birds flying in the sky and computer generated the photography by converting electrical signals into numerical representations on magnetic tape, this then provides a digital version of the photo to be used in computer processing. The photo is divided into fragments where its generated by numbers. The photo is given a density that’s shown by different shades of dots that creates the computer-generated photograph. In close range, you can see each separate shaded dot which makes up the photo. At 20-30 feet, away from the overall computer-generated photograph you are able to conduct the figure that once was an original photograph.