When unknown word percentage (Shown in Table 2) is taken in to consideration, SVM based tagger has provided the highest accuracies when there are more unknown words (E2 and E4), whereas CRF has provided the highest accuracies when there is a less number of unknown words in testing data (E1, E3 and E5). This shows that SVM is more robust to unknown words.Moreover, when testing is done using a different domain (E4 and E5), SVM and CRF based taggers have provided the highest accuracies in E4 and E5, respectively. This confirms that SVM and CRF based taggers are more robust to domain adaptation. Therefore, based on the results of our experiments, a general conclusion cannot be made on a single tagger that performs well for Sinhala Language. …show more content…
Same observation is made for all other experiments as well. Therefore we cannot confidently make a conclusion on the best ensemble tagger setup. But any ensemble tagger outperforms any individual tagger. Next, experiment results confirm that there is a decrease in the accuracy when training and testing phases use different domain corpora. For example, in the individual SVM based tagger, the best accuracy of 88.24% is achieved when the training and testing is done using a combination of both Official Documents and News (E3). But when the tagger is trained with news and tested with official documents (E5), the accuracy is 82.01%, which is a decrement of 6.23%. However, we should consider the properties of training and testing corpora (percentage of unknown words, size of corpora) in these two experiments, before making a general conclusion. The percentages of unknown words are different in E3 and E5, where E5 has 10% unknown words in testing corpus while E3 only has 5%. To make a better conclusion, we can compare E5 with E2, which are again experiments of training and testing with the same domain corpus of news, and has 11% of unknown words in testing corpus. E2 has obtained a tagging accuracy of 88.14%, making a decrement of
Also, the use of truncation, the astrick, “*”, placed after the word allowed the capture of multiple endings. Furthermore, the utilization of the date range limiter of no greater than five years narrowed the search results for relevant yet current research articles.
I am feeling pretty good about the class still. A lot of the techniques we are learning about for efficient, accurate, and helpful searching of a corpus I find very interesting. I need to take some more time to review the indexer Python code we were supplied so I feel completely comfortable with how it is achieving the indexing.
Mitchell et al. (2008), the meaning of a word as a vector of intermediate semantic features
Although NegExpander works very good for this document, identifying all noun phrase , its total precision in identifying concepts correctly is only 93 percent.Finding some errors for incorrect part-of-speech tagging by Jtag, and some errors were made by NegExpander itself.
All of the students demonstrated an improvement in legibility and reduction in spelling errors using word processing with word prediction. One of the students wrote illegible words 1 in every 8 words and made spelling errors 1 in every 4 words (Handley-More, Deitz, Billingsley, & Coggins, 2003). When the student used word prediction during the final sessions, 100 percent of his words were spelled correctly and written legibly. Another student demonstrated improvement in spelling and legibility. This student experienced a change in frequency of illegible words from 1 in every 11 words to less than 1 in every 100 words with word prediction. The student’s frequency of spelling errors improved from 1 in 8 words to 1 in 40 words through the use of word prediction. Researchers found using word processing with word prediction leads to improvements in legibility and spelling and this could have a huge impact on a student’s learning and grades (Handley-More et al., 2003). The research shows students must be comfortable with technology in order to experience the benefits of word prediction
[4] A. Budanitsky and G. Hirst, “Evaluating WordNet-based measures of semantic distance,” Comput. Linguistics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 13–47, 2006.
Grammar checkers can be even more problematic. These programs work with a limited number of rules, so they can't identify every error and often make mistakes. They also fail to give thorough explanations to help you understand why a sentence should be revised. You may want to use a grammar checker to help you identify potential run-on sentences or too frequent use of the passive voice, but you need to be able to evaluate the feedback it provides.
This research paper shows the main advantages and disadvantages of using both translators, human and machine translators. Even though machine translation is widely used, it cannot give a fully understandable and correct translation on its own. Machine translation will never be fully independent from human translators. But even human translators on its own cannot do that much. It still needs a lot of translation tools.
The experiment utilised two lists containing 30 words of between 3 and 6 character length. The first list (marked as condition 1) contained words with colour connotations (e.g. grass and blood). The second list (marked as condition 2) acted as the control and used words which had no direct colour connotations (e.g. ledge and sty). The words within the lists were coloured in one of 5 inks (red, green, orange, purple and yellow) and although the order in each of the lists was random the word length and first letter of each word corresponded (i.e. S for sky in condition 1 and S for sty in condition 2). Each sheet was printed with the same paper, font style and size – 36pt Arial on standard
By utilizing the millions of misspelled words in the billions of searches it processes every day, Google was able to create it’s spell checker for free (something that Microsoft spent a considerable amount of time and money to create). Google then created an ingenious way to confirm that it’s algorithm displayed the correct word by asking users to click to confirm on the corrected search results. In addition, google took their algorithm a step further by looking at the text of the web pages that they click on as the page that the user selects as the page likely has the word spelled correctly if the user selected it. This allows google to continually improve their spell check and also makes it easily available for any language that is typed into their search engine. This data also has additional uses beyond spell check, such as their “autocomplete” feature that is available across most of the google ecosystem and the translation services that they offer9.
As we know, human language changes under the influence of various social and situational factors. Today thanks to the popularization of internet, people can get much more
To know the most significant improvement of the components of English language by using the TPR method
Automatic Text classification has dependably been a vital application and research point since the beginning of advanced reports. Today, Text classification is a need because of the huge measure of content archives that we need to manage day by day.
The main aim of this project is to research on the integration of “Natural Language Processing “ and information systems engineering to enhance query retrieval in natural language processing.