Question No 1(a)
Deciphered message:
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1: Konrad Zuse
Zuse was a civil engineer and he is known as the inventor of world’s first programmable computer. He was born in Berlin, he started to study mechanical engineering but later on he changed his mind to become a civil engineer. He had to do repetitive calculations in civil engineering that led him to think about automating the task. After getting his civil engineering degree he start working as stress analyzer but soon he left his job to start his own company. Zuse make a calculator with a new kind of mechanical assembly and he called it Z1 that became operational in 1938, and it was floating point binary calculator. In 1939 army gave him chance to build Z2. And in 1940 he explained Z2 to the experts of German Research Institute for Aviation. And it helped him to convince them to finance the development of Z3, Z3 became operational in 1941, it was built with the same logic of Z1 but it uses electric telephony relays. In 1940 he makes S1 and S2 computing machines.S2 was used as a converter (analog to digital converter). Zuse is also known as the creator of first high level programming language called Plankalkül (calculus of programs), it was the first algorithmic language devised by Zuse. He constructed logistic machines and algebraic machines; algebraic machine can do scientific computations. Plankalkül represents the idea of Zuse about how to assign work to computer hardware
Compute’s history goes back to 1941, when: J.V. Atanasoff creates the first computer that can store memory. The creation of viruses and worms are so easy and hard to track the originator. The simplicity of the code make it possible for anyone with a little bit of computer knowledge to create a virus and hack into people’s computers. This viruses and worms can cost millions of dollars to corporations, and could even create death to the area that is hacked. Some countries have professional hackers that are created to affect the economy of other countries. Some hackers still money from people’s bank accounts as well as people identity. Some hackers use fake URL to still people’s information. They make a page looks like the original page, but the
2. How can you decide among various off-the-shelf software options? What criteria should you use? At first, we have to understand organization requirement because it will be a big mistake if we paid company's money into off-the-shelf software to find out that it does not meet the requirements. Then we have to ask ourselves three questions in order to decide between off-the-shelf software candidates: - Does the candidate software fill developer needs? - Is the quality of candidate high enough? - What the impact will candidate software have on organization system? Criteria for choosing off-the-shelf software depend on:
According to Reinlard Keil-Slawik on website article, “in August 1996 about dozen of historians met with about a dozen computer scientists to discuss the history of software engineering, he further indicated that was after 1968 NATO conference on software engineering where the purpose of the conference was of adopting the unknown term “software engineering” which Brain Rondell, on website article, believed it came from Professor Fritz Bauer. Even though it was written as the main purpose but there were also to imply the role which says “type of theoretical foundation and practical discipline that are established in the traditional branches of engineering should be based on by software manufactures, added Reinlard.
John von Neumann’s impact to computer technology and is has many influences within numerous different areas. However, the possible and utmost inspiration, when speaking about computer architecture was the stored program concept. Previous to Mr. Neumann’s concepts, computers where used for a specific purpose and they were only capable of carrying out specific tasks. Between the mid 1940’s John von Neumann
Bill Gates is worth about 79.2 Billion US dollars, at his peak 101 Billion US dollars. Bill Gates is a computer programmer, entrepreneur who took the computer industry by storm. He formed the company Microsoft and made it a leading computer corporation within ten years of opening for business. Bill Gates later stopped working full time at Microsoft and focused on his Foundation called Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates is an amazing and interesting person to know about.
The first Arduino was introduced in 2005, aiming to provide a low cost, easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using
Microsoft Corporation got its start under Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975. Since that time, it has grown exponentially and is a leader in the area of computer hardware, software and electronics. Microsoft offers, among other things, personal computers, game consoles, electronics and software. It is most well-known for its Microsoft Windows operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, Xbox, and the Internet Explorer web browser. Today, Microsoft is one of the largest companies offering these particular types of services and is known all over the world. Microsoft Corporation’s mission is to “empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more” (Microsoft Corporation, 2016). I think it is safe to say that they accomplish this mission on a daily basis and that they will continue to do so for years to come.
The first programmable computer ever created, ENIAC made in 1946 sparked a promising advancement in technology. Each passing generation brought a new groundbreaking advancement in computer technology. And with each advancement, the previous generation quickly became obsolete. A computer made in 1985 would almost certainly be inferior to a computer made the next year. But a computer made in 2010 can still be widely used and integrated into 2016 computing. This leads me to believe that improvements in computers are slowing down and furthermore, that computer technology is plateauing.
Forty-six years ago two engineers, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, shared a vision and started a company called Intelco, standing for “integrated electronics.” The company created random access memory cards (RAM) at the beginning and later moved on to larger memory boards for the booming computer technology industry in Silicon Valley, California.
At this time, still in 1945, German engineer Konrad Zuse designed the first high-level non-Von Neumann programming language Plankakul (Calculus of Programs). This was unique in history as it was developed at the same time John Von Neumann came out with his two concepts, but it used his own constructs and logic. The Plankakul language was not a huge success at the time, but it showed us many of the same modern day features of a programming language. For example, the features of the language was that it is a high level programming language, has reusable functions, uses no recursion, is a typed language, and there is a WHILE construct for iteration. The language was developed independently of Von Neumann’s ideas, but it still came up with similar concepts and influenced modern programming languages.
Steve Jobs (1955-2011) helped revolutionize the personal computer industry, creating the innovative Macintosh computer and developing Apple Computer, Inc., into a multibillion dollar company.
The first ever computer was invented in the 1820s by Charlse Babbage. However the first electronic digital computer were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United States and in the United Kingdom. They were gigantic, originally the size of a large room, and also need to be supply a large amount of power source which is equivalent as several hundred modern personal computers. The history of computer hardware covers the developments from simple devices to aid calculation, to mechanical calculators, punched card data processing and on to modern stored program computers. The tools or mechanical tool used to help in calculation are called calculators while the machine operator that help in calculations is called computer. At first the
An American computer scientist named John Backus once said, “They don 't like thinking in medical school. They memorize - that 's all they want you to do. You must not think.”. When searching for a school to study at, it almost seems as hard to find a school then actually being in college. Researching for a college takes a lot of effort and determination. The school should offer the classes required for the dream career of the student. The school should also have an outstanding campus environment and have an affordable cost.
Similar to how the twentieth century was the golden age of computing, the 21-st century is the age of DNA. The computer age, early 1990’s, brought about dramatic changes to how we as a species function. Due to the help brought about from the computer revolution, the genetic revolution hopes to do for life what computing did for information. We are near being able to manipulate organisms for any number of reasons. Whether it be for medicine or agriculture, the technology we have will change the way we interact with the natural world.
Since the development of the first Operating System (OS) to today, there have been many vast and extraordinary improvements, including the introduction of the first QWERTY keyboard, the first Graphical User Interface (GUI), to the present day mobile computing capabilities of smart phones. There have been many drastic changes from the first computers to today’s modern PC, which has become an essential component of our everyday lives. These improvements in computer technology have allowed for the development of the many revolutionary technologies that we have become accustomed to, such as tablets, smartphones, notebooks and laptops. With the advent of the Internet, there have been countless ground-breaking developments which have reconstructed much of the paradigm for how we use computer technologies. These developments are occurring at a swift pace, which increases the rate at which efficient solutions can be brought to users, however, these constantly evolving environments necessitate a need for further exploration and explanation of emergent technologies. Some of the most recent trends of today include mobile, and cloud-computing technology developments. These developments which have led to such ingenious and innovative advances, also pose several issues, some of which are a direct result of these technologies themselves.