Analytics In Oil And Gas Essay

The process of hydraulic fracturing is methodical and technologically complex. Drilling companies will first locate the shale

The natural resource industry continues to improve, providing the world with energy that fuels machines and keep homes warm. Drilling is the way the world has been getting oil from the ground due to the efficiency. A certain process can only work for so long and the output continues to decrease. Due to the high demands oil and natural gases, the world has turned to alternative ways retrieve these resources. Hydraulic fracturing is now the most effective way to retrieve oil and natural gas from the ground. Recently, the number of earthquakes have increased near hydraulic fracturing sites. Hydraulic fracturing is both beneficial and destructive at the same time. Several examples of seismic activity linked to fracking

September 5, 1927 marked a turning point in the history of oil exploration. Before then, to assess the composition of subsurface rocks to find oil pay-zones, scientists had to rely on core samples brought up from boreholes. These were highly unreliable and drilling companies frequently missed oil zones. Conrad Schlumberger had the idea of running an electrical probe into the drilled borehole to measure resistivity through the formation. This first log taken in the Alsace region of France was a simple hand-plotted graph, but it effectively aided engineers to “view” what was inside the

Fracking can extract a large amount of resources compared to other methods of exploitation that we used before. Since 2013, production of natural gases in the United States has been climbing rapidly, especially in shale gas. Shale gas has driven U.S production to a record level. In 2010, it is recorded that 1 million of barrels of oil per day are produced. But in 2013, the year with booming application of fracking, the generated barrels of oil per day were tripled, approximating 3 million daily. It could be deduced that more drilling rigs had been installed during the 3-year interval. However, the increase in the number of rigs was not enough in explaining the leap in production of resources. It was the new technique, fracking, that expanded the oil and gas industry in the US. In addition, fracking might be a temporary method to solve the problem of soaring demand for energy. Depletion of resources is posting a great concern for many countries, including the US. Massive U.S industry nowadays is having a huge demand of energy. By using the modern Fracking techniques, oil and gas producers are now able to exploit resources from hard-rock formations deeply under the ground, which they could not do previously. This solidify our hope that by using Fracking, the energy industry of the U.S is no longer suffer from the lack of

The authors of [1] aim to dispel some of the current hype surrounding big data, mainly the misnomer that it is all about technology and the process is automated. In fact there are three critical elements requiring human expertise 1) the data must be the right kind, of sufficient quantity, and clean 2) a specific process must be followed for success starting with the identification of the objective 3) expert humans who know how to use the technology, execute the big data process, and perform the mining tasks which require significant mathematical calculations.

Through the use of advanced technologies, geologists have the capability to predict potential locations for oil. This is done by the examination of the structure of rock layers, which is then followed by a test-drill in the Earth’s surface. Not every location that gets examined contain commercially viable oil reserves as some locations will have no oil or gas, some will have tiny amounts, and others will have the oil present but it will still be trapped within the porous rock layers such as oil shale. The earth’s crust plates are constantly on the move, and the oil reserves migrate with them. The reason a lot of the oil drilling occurs at sea is particulurarly because the majority of the crust of the planet, under which the oil is located,

Prior to what is today known as Hydraulic Fracturing or “Fracking”, in the 19th century, water wells and bores had been fractured using explosives to create high permeability for both water and oil wells. Over the years, the technology has been refined and improved into what is used today for exploration in Shale rocks due to their low-permeability.

Hydraulic fracturing, also known as “fracking” is a reservoir stimulation technique. In other words, it can be defined as a process of deeply drilling down into the Earth and injecting high-pressurized water mixture, which contains water, sand and other chemicals into the ground. After having been pumped into the ground, the fracking fluid creates cracks in deep-rock formations, allowing oil and gas to flow out of the well. The phrase “gas shale” refers to natural gas that is extracted from deep hard rock formations by using fracking. The shale gas production nowadays involves six steps: seismic exploration, pad construction, vertical and horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing, sustained production and waste disposal. It is obvious that

Seismic imaging is the process of synthesizing the wealth of subsurface information available from reflection seismic experiments by recording ambient sound with an array of geophones distributed at the surface. It is a tool that bounces sound waves off underground rock structures to reveal possible crude oil and natural gas. The geophones are used to record the sound waves where they echo within the earth. Petroleum geologists seek to calculate the depth and structures of buried geologic formations based on these echoes. It helps them identify oil and gas bearing reservoirs hidden beneath the earth's surface. Chevron used their modeling and analytics to exploit deep water drilling and hydrocarbon extraction in areas with challenging geographies (Artman, 2005).

Applying the given parameters, the logs get upscaled to the given 3D Grid. Similar procedure is used for Porosity_density logs.

The author points out that although there are existing algorithms and tools available to handle Big Data, they are not sufficient as the volume of data is exponentially increasing every day. To show the usefulness of Big Data mining, the author highlighted the work done by United Nations. In order to further enhance the reader’s perspective, the author provided research work of various professionals to educate its readers about the most recent updates in Big Data mining field. The author further describes the controversies surrounding Big Data. The author has first provided the context and exigence by elaborating on why we need new algorithm and tools to explore the Big Data. The author used the strategy of highlighting the logos by mentioning the research work of different industry professionals, workshops conducted on Big Data and was able to appeal to connect to the reader’s ethos. The author also used pathos by urging the budding Big Data researchers to further dig deep into the topic and explore this area

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 23, 2002 -- ChevronTexaco Corp. and Schlumberger proclaimed they have dispatched a multi-year combined knowledge progress undertaking to rise efficiencies in oil and usual gas production. The progress of this next-generation reservoir association resolution will enhance the use of real-time oilfield sensor data from wells and abilities to enhance real-time oilfield management.

Big Data in Oil and Gas industry is not something new. The industry has long dealt with huge amounts of data to make critical decisions over the period of time. For many years energy companies had invested in seismic software, data visualization and other digital tools & technologies for planning and optimization purposes. But now a day, most of the enterprises have started craving a certain desire for better execution of E&P activities. Since the crude oil prices have gone down significantly over the past few years, which have effectively brought down the profit margins. Also as world looks towards renewable resources of energy, companies are supposed to act in more efficient ways they ever had. This calls in for a digital transformation within the companies enabled by virtual integration through IT. This will of course require a lot of data gathering and analytics over it to drive the organizations towards success which will eventually justify investments and efforts made for it. As we know how big E&P operations are and at the scale they are carried out, there will be huge data points involved and data gathered will eventually lead into the realm of “Big Data”. According to a report from Bain & Company production can be improved by up to 6-8 % with the implementation of Big Data Analytics. But first of all let’s define Big Data acutely.

Arc-scene is three-dimensional (3D) modelling software that allows you to view your GIS data in three dimensions .cause the main aim of the project is find the oil reservoir and calculated the reservoir volume in outline area. A 3D model can directly shows the under- ground geology condition using available borehole data (the surface is provided in project).

Big data is an extensive collection of structured and unstructured data. It is a modern day technology which is applied to store, manage and analyze data that are not possible to manage, store and analyze by using the commonly used software or tools. Since all of our daily tasks are overtaken by the modern technologies and all the businesses and organizations are using internet system to operate, the production of data has increased significantly in past