Ancient Merchandise Research Paper

Ancient civilizations have had profound effects of what we know as the modern world today. The primary purpose for anything that lives is to survive. Throughout history animals, plants and humans have adapted to their surroundings. All living things have changed throughout time. The thing that differs humans from rest is, humans are more cognitively advanced. Over the course of time the shape and size of the human skull has changed. The size of the human brain has increased, which has allowed humans to adapt more to their surroundings. To survive, humans were making tools for hunting and to cut with. The closer you lived to the equator the darker your skin may have been, so you could adapt to the intensity of the sun’s rays. If you lived further

he Harvester’s Vase, a fascinating 3500 year old stone sculpture from the Aegean Bronze Age was a product of cultural interactions between the Minoans and the outside world. The vase is “unprecedented” in ancient art history due in part to the animated facial features and accurate human anatomy, thanks to the Minoans long history in making art and their mercantile economy. While Mycenaeans and Hellenic Greeks are more well-known and studied, Minoans played a huge in part in laying the foundations of Western art. Discovered in ruins of the Hagia Triada on the island of Crete. The Harvester’s vase was created around 1500 to 1450 BC, the vase is unique in that it is one of the few well preserved artifacts of the Minoan Kamares where they have

BOSTON, MA (June 23, 2014)—A world-class collection of jewels from ancient Nubia at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA), will go on view this summer in Gold and the Gods: Jewels of Ancient Nubia. The MFA’s collection of Nubian adornments is the most comprehensive outside Khartoum—the result of an early 20th-century expedition by the Museum with Harvard University. The exhibition opens on July 19, and includes works by Nubian goldsmiths and jewelers, who were among the most innovative in the ancient world. Featuring some 100 excavated ornaments dating from 1700 BC to AD 300, which will be on view in the Rita J. and Stanley H. Kaplan Family Foundation Gallery, the exhibition explores the royal tombs of kings and queens, which were filled with elaborate jewelry such as necklaces, amulets, stacked bracelets and earrings. The MFA is unique in its ability to mount an exhibition of Nubian jewelry and adornment drawn exclusively from its own collection. In addition to gold––Nubia’s most important commodity––jewelry in the exhibition incorporates precious materials such as lapis lazuli (imported from Afghanistan), blue chalcedony (imported from Turkey), amethystine quartz and carnelian, as well as enamel and glass––both of which were rare and valuable new technologies at the time. The exhibition is accompanied by a fully illustrated MFA Publication on Nubian jewelry.

The 1400’s was a time of the Renaissance, which was a change or rebirth in the Italian culture of art, politics and philosophy. Petrarch created a universal concept that changed the way people thought which was called humanism. Humanism is when people start to focus on the values and interests of humans. This idea started to spread with the help of the printing press which was a machine that made printing literature easier. Writers and artists were able to spread their ideas of humanism across Europe during the Renaissance through this machine. Artists like Raphael showed humanism with his painting of “The School of Athens”, Michelangelo’s sculpture of “David” and Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man”.

The comeback story of Rome is truly one to admire. From the barbaric invasions to the economic downfall, Rome was genuinely set to fail. Yet, Rome came back from this, and lasted for a thousand years before officially coming to an end. In order for American to sustain its success, officials must take into account the mistakes made by the Romans. This will ensure success for America for the next several years. It’s important to not only learn from mistakes of the past, but to also apply them to one’s modern day life.

Illness is in no way a new thing, if you had happened to to sick at the time of ancient egyptians there probably was a treatment for it. However in ancient egypt, the medicine that we think of now was not the preferred way in treating diseases. The egyptians had a leg on on the other societies of the ancient world. This mostly relates to their embalming process where they religiously practiced removing and preserving human remains. The ancient egyptians believed that in order for a soul to travel to the afterlife the body must be preserved.Through the embalming process, egyptians had gained great knowledge of anatomy, dissection and preservation. The entire mummification process took multiple skilled prist and roughly 70 days to complete.

artifacts were made of stone, jade, and other ceramic materials. Jade was an expensive material

It is made of stonepaste covered with copper-green glaze. The only decorations are patterns carved around the body of the plate instead of being painted. This piece closely resembles Chinese celadon wares from Longquan. The glaze was made from copper instead of iron that was normally used for celadon wares. Differed from traditional colorful Persian art, this plate only has one color. Its monochrome green color, the lack of decoration and short foot demonstrate its imitation of celadon wares. Safavid craftsmen did not stop at purely borrowing Chinese designs, but incorporated local traditions in different ways. The blue-and-white porcelain-like potteries with Persian shapes are one significant example. The Tulip Vase (Figure 3) has a baluster form body with three short nozzles. This stonepaste piece was painted in blue under transparent glaze, thus only has two basic colors: blue and white. On the wide flat rims of each nozzle, there are painted flower petals surrounding the center opening. On the neck of the vase, there are repeating decorative motifs including perhaps birds and clouds at the top, along with vertical flowers and leaves motifs closer to the body. The paintings on the top part of the body appear to have three identical birds and clouds in compartmentalized sections around the vase. Below the birds, there are bamboos, rocks, flowers and a peacock. At the lowest part, there are repeating decorations in geometric forms and vine motifs. The iconographies of swirly clouds, bamboos and rocks are very similar to common Chinese ones. The swirly clouds means fortune and heaven, while the bamboos represents longevity, resilience, flexibility, and strength. Judging from the blue and white color. Meanwhile, the birds, peacocks and patterns on the lower part of body could be seen in both Chinese and Islamic artworks. The most distinct part is the shape of this vase. It is often

There were many issues and values stressed in Classical civilizations. The main two that were focused on were expansion and integration. In all of the Classical civilizations, leaders wanted more land to increase the amount of power, crops, and innovation they could have. Another issue they stressed was integration. Social integration was stressed in order to create gender relationships and social hierarchies, while territorial integration was stressed in order to guarantee their leader had power over all of his people through a common language, common laws, and trade. Another value that was related to the previous two, was the need to discuss central values. Socrates, Confucius, and Buddha all helped by spreading culture throughout their

Many people of the Fertile Crescent were polytheistic and believed that the gods controlled forces of nature.

Starting in 4500 BCE, the Badarian and Amratian periods, the Egyptian people began using clay to create amphoras and pithos. At this point in time pottery was very rudimentary. Up until around 3300 BCE pottery was often left with no decoration. From that point on, most pottery would have a polished surface. In order to attain this polished look the Egyptians would burnish the pottery with a stone (Reshafim). This technique better showed the native red clay. To decorate the pots they would carve geometric patterns or hunting scenes into the polished surface which is similar to the modern day technique of sgraffito we have used in this class albeit we apply underglaze beforehand. Similarly, the Egyptians used open fires or very simple kilns (Reshafim), and they had to construct their pottery using only their hands, seeing as the potter's wheel only began to come into use during the Old Kingdom (Reshafim) while we in 2016 have all of these commodities at hand. Circa 3000 BCE pottery began to be more aesthetically pleasing as potters would decorate their pottery with depictions of animals, humans, boats, gods and goddesses, and a wide array of other patterns and symbols (Hood). Consequently, pottery began to be viewed as not only a functional object, but more importantly, an expression of religious sentiment and of revered symbols (Reshafim). Lastly, the underglaze we use today is remarkably

The once unified India then entered a fragmented period and became disunified as independent states are founded. Even with disunity, India’s trade and, coinage, art, literature, and scientific advances caused the country to continue to flourish. The Maurya dynasty continued to fall after the murder of Ashoka’s great grandson Dasaratha by his general Pushyabhuti. This established the rule of the Shunga dynasty, but it wasn’t strong enough to maintain the empire. Many regions became their own independent states creating diversity with states within north, central, and south India. Even with disunity, the new states created diversity and different culture to India.

Alexander the Great conquered all the known world in 336 B.C. He united all of Greece and built an empire, but he dies 13 years later. The period from 323 B.C. to 31 B.C. is known as the Hellenistic period. The word Hellenistic comes from the word hellenize which means to spread Greek influence. After Alexander’s death, his empire divided into four kingdoms: Syria (the kingdom of the Seleucids), Egypt, Pergamum, and Macedonia.

Ancient Civilization Egypt is perhaps best known for its Pyramids, the last standing monument of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. Or maybe because it lasted from 3000 BCE to 332 BCE, for 2668 years, which is longer than Christianity has been around for. Or because of the river that ran through it, the Nile, is one of the best known rivers in the world. The environment played a massive role in Ancient Egyptian economy, so much so that without it, they may not have lasted half as long as they did. The Egyptians believed that the Nile River was the supreme force that nourished the land, and it did. It flooded at precisely the right time to leave nutrient rich soil for planting, and only needed basic irrigation to be of use. Due to the distinct

The one thing that made civilization possible was the digging stick. The digging stick tool made holes into the ground to plant seed. Afterward, animals where worked to cover the seed with soil.