Annotated Bibliography Essay

The other 12 children were chosen randomly between the ages of 5 and 15 and in that group, they split them evenly into the control and experimental group. They came to the conclusion that diagnosing stuttering early can cause stuttering. The children were scared to speak most of the time. They were scared to stutter and were always overthinking it. This experiment also affected the way they acted at school and interacted with others.

L.R.’s fluency was assessed using the Stuttering Severity instrument- Fourth Edition (SSI-4). The SSI-4 is a norm-referenced assessment, that analyzes a child or adult’s stuttering severity. The SSI-4 assesses four speech behaviors of the examinee’s speech, (i.e., frequency, duration, physical concomitants, and naturalness of the examinee’s speech). A speech sample was observed through natural speech and a picture description task.

After 60 years of stuttering, Hoagland reminisces about his struggles and triumphs to overcome his stuttering. While attending school, he learned that, “Life can become a matter of measuring the importance of anything you have to say.” He felt that it was

I entered the field with an interest in fluency and participated in the National Stuttering Association in Queens, New York. The stutter started in my teens and faded away in my early adulthood.  I researched speech language pathology and came upon all the different aspects of this field since the definition of speech pathology is broad. I knew I wanted to specialize in stuttering when I was a teenager. This changed when I was in the Communication Sciences and Disorders program in my undergrad. This program exposed me to different classes and observations of communication disorders in a variety of age ranges. This exposed me to adult population as well in which I gained an interest because of their lack of tantrums and willingness to gain back

Stuttering is a disability that affects over two million of the adult population and can be obtained through genetics. This disability is not just getting stuck on certain words or saying like a few times in a sentence. The disability involves tripping on sounds and in severe cases not being able to verbalize what needs to be said. Yeomen uses an example of a man who could not find the words to ask the women he truly was in love with to marry him and ended up marrying the wrong women. Stuttering can change the lives of so many because they never learn to overcome that tragedy.

This documentary focuses on the journey of seven different individuals who are considered people who stutter. I believe it is important to note the statistics of the prevalence of stuttering mentioned in the video. The statistic states that 1 out of 100 adult and 5 out of 100 children are people who stutter. This prevalence is important for speech therapists to become informed and equipped to treat this population. This documentary gives great insight on the struggles and successes of this population.

The Stuttering Foundation provides a free online resources, services and supports those who stutter and their family members along as the support of the research. This foundation is proudly a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and classified as a private operating foundation, defined in section 4942(j)(3). The first and largest nonprofit charitable organization in the world, that reach to over a million people annually to improve the treatment of stuttering. The stuttering foundation also offer extensive training programs for any professional in this

Due to the fact that stuttering is a well-researched disorder, many professionals have come up with different treatment plans. Nonetheless, we will only cover the 4 main treatment approaches, which are as follows: family system therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), fluency shaping (modification), and stuttering modification. Each of the therapy approaches listed above have their own unique way of helping individuals who stutter. The family systems therapy is used primarily for children who stutter. Through the use of the family systems therapy, the treatment focuses on the “family unit as a whole” (Fogle, 2013, p. 213). Therefore, the clinician takes into consideration how a child’s stuttering affects everyone in the household and what they can do to help minimize the

The research completed by Li, Arnold, & Beste-Guldborg presented an investigation in the perception of protective service workers toward people who stutter (PWS), and whether these perceptions are similar among non-protective service workers. This article provided an interesting dichotomy between those that would be providing assistance in many different situations and those who would perhaps be requesting the assistance or needing to explain their actions. They hypothesized that protective service workers—defined as law enforcement, fire fighters, customs officials, private investigatros, and interestingly, lifeguards, among others—would show a difference in attitudes of PWS, in comparison to the general population, which could potentially

This article identifies the aspects of the KiddyCAT that contribute to determining positive and negative attitudes towards speech. The KiddyCAT was administered on 52 preschool aged children who do stutter and 62 children who do not stutter. The study attempted to distinguish between the groups of children by factors such as “gender, talker group, chronological age, and younger versus older age groups.” After gathering the results, the study found that scores were much higher for children who stutter than children who do not stutter. Signifying that CWS have a higher negative awareness of their speech. Therefore, this journal determines that this assessment is useful for clinical use because it utilizes the child’s attitude towards speaking

In 1939 an experiment now known as the “Monster Study” was conducted on 22 orphaned children by Wendell Johnson, a very influential speech pathologist at the University of Iowa. In this experiment the orphaned children were divided up into two separate groups. One group was given positive speech therapy, in which they were praised for their fluency. The other group was given negative speech therapy. They were belittled for every speech imperfection and told that they were stutterers. Many of the normal speaking children who were subjected to the negative speech therapy experienced negative psychological effects and some developed lasting speech impediments.

Davis, Shisca, & Howell (2007) aimed to find whether young children and adolescents who persist in their stutter show differences in, trait and state anxiety compared with people who have recovered from their stuttering and a control group. The participants were 54

Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a communication disorder characterized by repetition, prolongation, and blocks. It affects the fluency of an individual’s speech. Repetitions occur when a sound or syllable or word is repeated more than once or twice. An example is when the person says “Can-can-can I come?”. Prolongation is holding out a speech sound, but the mouth or lip or tongue has stopped moving. An example is when the person says “Caaaaaaa I come?”. Blocks occur when a sound or air is stopped in the lungs or throat or the mouth. An example is when the person says “Can………I come?” According to the research, roughly three million people in the United States stutter. (home-speech-home.com) Usually, there are two types of stuttering.

The client’s mother returned the fluency checklist. The client’s mother reported that the client’s fluency issues are getting better. The checklist reported that the client’s mother realized that the client may not ever be completely stutter-free, but the client can control it better. The checklist reported that the client’s family would like more information about the client’s fluency progression and future. The checklist also reported that the client’s family feels that the client needs more repetition and practice with the tools and

Many speech language pathologists (SLPs), after diagnosing a child with stuttering are left with the problems of what treatment program should be implemented and what are the chances that the