Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria And Antibiotics

Bacteria that are resistant to several types of antibiotics are called multi-resistant bacteria (also known as superbugs). Superbugs have caused a global epidemic, hiding in plain sight. Every year, superbugs kill off thousands of people, rob them of their health insurance and cost the state millions in order to control this so called epidemic.

When non-resistant bacteria are exposed to an antibiotic, most of them die. But due to the increase of mutations some of the bacteria are becoming resistance to the antibiotic. The bacteria are all subject to natural selection. Natural selection is as simple as saying that the bacteria that have not developed a mutation or resistance that helps them to survive die. The ones that do, survive and pass on the mutation to the next generation. This means that we are constantly having to adapt our antibiotics because so much of the mutation is getting passed along. The flu vaccination is a good example of how mutations are carried over and how the vaccine had to be changed every year to fight the ever changing virus. Some strains

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria. Charles Darwin created the theory of evolution which focused on natural selection being the key factor of how things change. Natural selection is when organisms that are better suited to the environment are able to reproduce successfully. Evolution is descent with modification. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by a mutation. The bacteria that did not die from the antibiotic inherited the gene from an ancestor that made it resistant. Since the other bacteria is dying faster than the resistant bacteria, the resistant bacteria are able to multiply

The misuse and overdose of the antibiotics increase the resistance problem. It can cause these bacteria to

Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria come into contact with an antibiotic over and over again.

This then means that the illness can spread, because the antibiotic has not succeeded in curing it. The way that bacteria form this type of resistance can be explained through natural selection. To start with, there are variations in the bacteria in the way that some are able to resist the antibiotic and some are not. When the bacteria come into contact with an antibiotic, those that are resistant will survive, while the rest will die. These selected bacteria then pass on the characteristics that allow them to resist the antibiotic. This means that over time, the antibiotic will become ineffective against a larger percentage of the bacteria. A new resistant strain of the bacteria has been formed that can survive even when treated with antibiotics, therefore enabling it to be passed to other people. The main cause of this is the overuse or misuse of antibiotics, which allows the bacteria more of a chance to develop a resistance. Some bacteria such as those found in the digestive tract, are naturally resistant to types of antibiotics. Illnesses that have previously been easy to cure with antibiotics are now harder to treat due to antibiotic

Under the circumstances where dosage of antibiotics is not necessary or not sufficient, even though normal bacteria will die, bacteria that possess genes for antibiotic resistance will likely survive, giving them the opportunity to reproduce, creating new bacteria with their traits of being resistant to antibiotics. This is because these types of bacteria have been naturally selected for antibiotic resistance so that they can survive under the conditions of antibiotics. As a result, bacteria can emerge to be drug resistant to antibiotics thanks to the process of natural

Frequent antibiotic use over long periods of time puts selective pressure on bacteria, and causes resistance to spread. When an antibiotic is used to treat a typical bacterial infection, most bacteria are killed. Sometimes, however, a bacterium with an advantage lives. This bacterium can then reproduce and pass its advantage on, creating many more antibiotic resistant bacteria.​ Sometimes in medicine, antibiotics are used too often or incorrectly, which can cause resistance to spread faster than it would

First, previous exposure to antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics and antimicrobial cleaners only kill some of the bacteria if they are not used properly which allow some of the bacteria to become resistant to that drug or agent. The bacteria is then able to mutate so that they become resistant to them (Treas & Wilkinson, 2014).

When a person takes an antibiotic incorrectly, it kills those that don’t have a mutation and also can kill the good bacteria that your body needs for daily activity such as digesting food. Once all the good and bad bacteria are dead, those that are left with the genetic mutation start to reproduce rapidly and eventually take over leaving you with a mass amount of bacteria that are resistant to whatever it is that normally kills them and can create a resistance.

Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria are able to resist the effects of

Staph has developed resistance to more than three antibiotics. Some scientists say that humans help bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics when they stop taking medication before it is time. There have been many occasions in

Once bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic, the sensitive bacteria are killed, but sometimes not all the bacteria are killed and those colonies that survive, are left to multiply. Bacteria can become resistant through many mechanisms, it depends on the bacteria. Some bacteria fight the drugs and push them out, others alter the attack site which makes the antibiotic unable to harm the bacteria in a way it did before. The attack site is altered when the bacteria has a stronger defense than the antibiotic has (Rice, 2006). If repeatedly exposed to antibiotics, this process allows selective pressure to occur which makes it more likely for the bacteria to mutate. Selective pressure is a process the bacteria take to become immune. Sometimes, however,

The main causes of the problem are two pharmacological issues: (a) wide-spectrum antibiotics and (b) compliance. Wide-spectrum antibiotics are widely used to treat infections, either those caused by several different species or those for which diagnosis is too difficult or takes too much time. Of course, wide spectrum promises a wide range of clinical uses and sales but consequently contributes to resistance as it applies selective pressure. Compliance is another issue that has many aftermaths upon antimicrobial resistance. Patients often either miss drug doses, both by mistake and deliberately, or decide to stop the treatment prematurely when they feel better. In both cases, pathogens which are exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, survive and that consequently results in the greater chances of acquiring resistance. (Sosa et at., 2010)

Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMDR) is a clinical phenomena, it means that the ability of specific microorganism to acquire resistance property against certain antibiotic which it was susceptible before (Meyers, 1987; Russell, 1997). AMDR process is the natural consequence of pathogen adaptation to antimicrobials used in medicine, animal food, agriculture and household activities (Gould & Meer 2005, p. 617).