Ap Psychology Chapter 4

A simple beam bridge that is flat across and supported at the two ends. A longer beam bridge can be held up along the middle by piers standing in the river. The weight of the bridge itself, plus the load that it carries, plus gravity are the downward forces are spread evenly across the length of the bridge. The upwards forces that hold the bridge up come from the piers. The Confederation Bridge in Canada is a famous beam bridge.

A load path is the transfer of loads and forces from the through the building to the bottom of the building, following the most direct structural path.

{N} and {M} are the generalised stresses can can be expressed as membrane strains and curvatures by using the laminar stress-strain relationship and Love Kirchhoff hypothesis.

Arielle: (show drawing) In the end we had made a beam bridge out of hot glue, cardboard and popsicle sticks. We used the cardboard because it is a flat surface and is very light. However, cardboard is not strong enough on it’s own. We then decided to use hot glue to attach the popsicle sticks to the

Adduction is the movement of a body segment towards the midline of the body. The example of this would be the return of the cable lateral raise back towards the center of the body.

This report has been written to describe an experiment performed on a channel section examining the stiffness of the beam through two differing types of deformation – curvature and deflection. The aim of the experiment was to determine the value of the flexural rigidity (EI) in two different ways; using the curvature, k, and the mid-span deflection. The testing method used for the experiment is described. The experiment found that the EI values calculated were as follows: - EIcurv = 1.76E+10 Mpa.mm4 when calculated using the curvature, k. - EIdefl

In this lab, deflection and strain are measured in an attempt to confirm Hooke’s law and the Euler-Bernoulli bending beam theory. In addition, the measured data allows us to calculate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s Modulus) or E of the cantilever beam. Through the course of the experiment our observations revealed that the addition of weights deformed the beam in response to the applied stress. This deformation can be modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory. Our experimentation and calculations revealed that our data did indeed prove the theories mentioned in this lab. Furthermore, our values for the modulus of elasticity or E came within the range of established values found online.

The web of the prefabricated truss can be analyzed as a column. Burdzik analyzed the web of a truss as a non-continuous compression member. Columns must take the effective length into account for both the in plane and out of plane bending. The connection type, continuity, and capacity of adjacent members affect the degree of restraint for the web member (Burdzik,

There are three sorts of statically determinate trusses, which are immediate, compound, and complex. (Stray pieces, n.d.)

The experiment we chose to accomplish was to test trusses and observe which upheld the most weight. Obvious constraints were placed on this, as it was not just open-ended. All trusses were to be based off the same design, with just the addition of more vertical beams on various trusses, the number of beams incrementing steadily.

where K is the stiffness matrix, ∆d is the vector of displacements, and ∆P is a load vector resulting from the imposed boundary conditions, induced pressure and temperature changes.

These bridges are made of trusses, which are patterns of triangles. The truss was developed during the Industrial Revolution when people were finding ways to develop better girder bridges. These trusses are now used to stabilize and support other bridges, such as suspension bridges. Trusses are used widely because the truss pattern is rigid and can dissipate weight throughout the truss. They can be commonly found on girder bridges, because the truss pattern evens out the forces of tension and compression. A deck truss, a type of truss bridge, is classified by having its roadway above the truss. A through truss is another type of truss bridge that has the truss above the roadway. There are various types of truss patterns, which include the K truss, the Pratt truss, the Warren truss, and the Howe

Superstructure bears the load that is being passed over the bridge and it transmits the forces caused by the same to substructure. Load received from the decking is transferred on to the substructure by Bearings. They also distribute the load evenly over the substructure material as it may not have sufficient strength to bear the superstructure load directly. Piers and Abutments are the vertical substructures which transfer the load to the earth in the foundation. Wing walls and returns are constructed as the extension of

Purpose: The purpose of this Physics Lab is to investigate what factors determine the amount of flexion of the cantilever. Hence, the objective is to establish a relationship between the length of a cantilever, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.

The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the bending of a bean when loaded at the center of its length and examine its deflection when positioned in two different ways, when the flat side of the beam is support and when the thin side is supported. In addition, try to find linear relationship between the load applied and the deflection of the beam and comparing the experimental deflection with the theoretical deflection.