Aramaean And Phoenician Settlements

The Fertile Crescent stretches like a crescent moon from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, containing Egypt and Mesopotamia. The terms mentioned throughout the essay are different empires and locations. Sumer was the first civilization and is located in the narrowing plain between the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. About 5,000 years ago, Sumerians developed writing, construction of cities, and domestication of animals. The Akkadians took over Sumer around 2350 BCE when Sargon I. became leader and began seizing territories as reward for winning a war. Ancient egypt, laid southwest of the Fertile Crescent alongside the Nile River in Africa. People have lived there since around 5000 BCE and began

Many civilizations fail due to human's activity. A famous example would be the Easter Island who failed to see the long-term effects they had on their island. But other civilizations decline is not directly related to human activity.

The Mediterranean served as a basin for the early civilizations. The rich history of the

After 650 b.c., they expanded into north-central Italy and came to control Rome and most of Latium. The Etruscans found Rome a village but launched a building program that turned it into a city. The Romans borrowed ideas from the Etruscans, such as Etruscan dress—the toga and short cloak. The Roman army also borrowed its organization from the Etruscans. After their conquest of Italy, the Romans found themselves face to face with a strong power in the Mediterranean—the state of Carthage. The Phoenicians had founded Carthage around 800 b.c. on the coast of North Africa. By the third century b.c., Carthage had an enormous trading empire in the western Mediterranean, including the coast of northern Africa, southern Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and western Sicily. With its control of western Mediterranean trade, Carthage was the largest and richest state in the

Meroë: City in southern Nubia that was the center of Nubian civilization between 300 b.c.e. and 100 c.e. (pron. MER-oh-ee)

Small communities in southern Mesopotamia evolved to one of the earliest states due to environmental changes that occurred between the Ubaid and Uruk periods. These environmental changes such as the creation of Arabo-Persian Gulf increased population in certain regions, which in turn increased competition, warfare, and optimal settings for trade. All this lead to some of the earliest states being formed in Southern Mesopotamia.

The following report details the archaeological fieldwork conducted by New South Associates, Inc. for proposed widening and improvements along U.S. 158 in Forsyth and Guilford counties, North Carolina. The purpose of the survey was to identify and evaluate archaeological sites for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), within the proposed project area of potential effects (APE). This project was conducted for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) (TIP R-2577ABC, State Project No. 37405). This is a state-funded project covered under a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) individual permit. As such, the USACE serves as the lead federal agency and the work complies with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), as amended.

Carthage was a commercial empire which capital was located at the North of Africa where now is the country of Tunisia. The territory of the Carthaginian Empire included islands of the Mediterranean like parts of Sicily and territories in Spain, making it a threat to the Roman ambitious of conquering the Mediterranean. Although both countries were comparable in military power and economic strength the two nations had different military advantages: Carthage had a strong naval power while Rome had almost no naval power, but had a stronger ground force. This situation led to an inevitably conflict between Rome and Carthage which spanned three wars (called Punic Wars). The First Punic War started around 264 BC and ended at 241 BC,

Over the course of one-hundred years the Mediterranean antiquity was rocked by an ancient cold war between the North African seafaring state of Carthage, and the newly rising city of Rome located on the Italian Peninsula. In the course of two major wars and one extended three year long siege of Carthage itself Rome would conquer its last major foe and turn the Mediterranean into a Roman lake.

The Babylonians are located in modern Iraq and are also known as the Mesopotamians. Mesopotamia means in between the rivers and the Babylonians were in between of Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The Babylonians took over the Fertile Crescent and transmitted their culture there. The people had surplus of food that could be traded. Just as the Babylonians had a great geography and were powerful so were the Hittites.

Carthage was the Phoenician City-State on the coast of what is now the country of Tunisia. Phoenician is a term used to describe the people who originally migrated out of areas such as Iran and Syria and Palestine. Hugging the coastal region of the Mediterranean, the Carthaginian ruling class was able to spread their power and influence much like Rome was able to on the Italian peninsula. With trade, diplomacy and some military force, the city state of Carthage was able to spread out from its city to present day Spain and the Gulf of Sidra in present day Libya.

Carthage became an important capital and commercial empire in the northern coast of Africa, its origin was like that of Rome in the sense that it came into existence according to history, when Queen Dido was taken away from Tyre and then brought to Africa, just like Aeneas did in Rome with fugitives (Morey, n.d, Chpt 14.). The story went on to say that Dido secured a large expanse of land from the African princes and the land was used to develop a city, which was later occupied by the Phoenicians from Tyre, the Lydians, and the Numidians. Morey, W.C (n.d, Chpt 14).

The Phoenicians were a group of people who thrived on the western side of the Fertile Crescent. They first originated from Bahrain. They were the most wealthy and powerful traders in 1100 B.C. Their first cities were next to the Mediterranean Sea in the area of Lebanon. Although the Phoenicians did not control a grand empire, they were able to become rich through trade. Eventually, they were able to spread their area all around the Mediterranean Sea.

Carthage in those times was popularly known as the jewel of the sea as it could not be compared with any other nation in terms of wealth and trade in different kinds of merchandise brought about by its position by the sea in the Mediterranean. It brought into the western Mediterranean the ideas and civilization which the Phoenicians had developed in the East. Her power was based upon trade and commercial supremacy. She had under her control the trading colonies of northern Africa and many of

To the north, the Mediterranean Sea was the trade center of the world and allowed Ancient Egyptian trading to flourish. The Mediterranean is surrounded by land masses that allowed the Egyptian to trade with Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and nations such as the Greeks, Romans, and Macedonians. During the Roman Imperial period, the city of Alexandria flourished with its shipping trade from the Mediterranean. Egypt became the bread-basket of