As An Obvious Fact, We Have Lots Of Data In Various Fields.

Cloud computing can be preciously defined as “Large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized recourses such as hardware, platform, which can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable load allowing also for an optimum resource utilization this pool of resource will typically exploited by pay per user model in which guarantees are offered by the infrastructure provider by means of SLA's (vaquero et al)”. Three aspects are new in Cloud Computing in term of hardware: 1) Infinite computing resources available on demand, which eliminates the need for users to plan far ahead for provisioning. 2) Up-front commitment can be eliminated by Cloud users where companies can start small and increase hardware resources only when there is an increase in their needs. 3) The ability to pay on a short-term basis as needed (e.g. processors by the hour) and releases them afterwards.

Data is constantly being created, stored, and analyzed. The world has accumulated zettabytes worth of data up until now and expecting to get up to around 44 zettabytes in 2020(northeasternU).

With the unprecedented growth and spread of information, there is no wonder why large Information Technology companies have been investing in the “cloud”. To expand, when referring to Cloud Computing, this means to access and store information not stored with in your computer whether it be public, private, or hybrid cloud computing. In technological terms, the server you are accessing is somewhere else and therefore, the information and tools you are using are “up in the clouds” but more so stored in another server space. However, whether you are paying for

Whether it’s called Cloud Computing or On-demand Computing, Software as a Service, or the Internet as Platform, the common element is a shift in the geography of computation. When you create a spreadsheet with the Google Docs service, major components of the software reside on unseen computers, whereabouts unknown, possibly scattered across continents. This affects all levels of the computational ecosystem, from casual user to software developer, IT manager, even hardware manufacturer. Recently, a lot of vendors have started talking about “cloud computing” in their marketing materials. Citing a research published by Merrill Lynch entitled “The Cloud Wars: $100+ billion at stake,” Merrill Lynch has estimated a $160- billion addressable market opportunity, including $95- billion in business and productivity applications, and another $65-billion in online advertising for Cloud Computing. But the main question is whether the users are ready to give up using services on their local machines and shift to the Cloud since shifting to cloud computing has both advantages and disadvantages for all possible users; nevertheless, they may have different level of importance for different users

Services such as, data storage and security, are provided by cloud computing over the internet. In cloud computing, users can pay for what they consume (Bisong & Rahman, An Overview of the Securtiy Concerns in Enterprise Cloud Computing, 2011). Cloud computing is an emerging information technology, which can make it easier for the users to manage their data. Cloud computing allows businesses to expand as new cloud-based models are being discussed and implemented as solutions (Bamiah & Brohi, 2011).

Data has always been analyzed within companies and used to help benefit the future of businesses. However, the evolution of how the data stored, combined, analyzed and used to predict the pattern and tendencies of consumers has evolved as technology has seen numerous advancements throughout the past century. In the 1900s databases began as “computer hard disks” and in 1965, after many other discoveries including voice recognition, “the US Government plans the world’s first data center to store 742 million tax returns and 175 million sets of fingerprints on magnetic tape.” The evolution of data and how it evolved into forming large databases continues in 1991 when the internet began to pop up and “digital storage became more cost effective than paper. And with the constant increase of the data supplied digitally, Hadoop was created in 2005 and from that point forward there was “14.7 Exabytes of new information are produced this year" and this number is rapidly increasing with a lot of mobile devices the people in our society have today (Marr). The evolution of the internet and then the expansion of the number of mobile devices society has access to today led data to evolve and companies now need large central Database management systems in order to run an efficient and a successful business.

Currently, “hard storage drives stay the only archival mass data storage device in a computer. The first disk drive, called RAMAC (random access method of accounting and control), was established for the IBM 350 computer in 1957. Over the past decade, as the demands for digital data have exploded, the storage volume of HDDs has grown at a similar rate, if not faster. Today, a 3.5” HDD has a capacity of 500 GB, capable of storing nearly a thousand times more data than a HDD of the same size just ten years ago”. (Stevens 1999)

Data volumes have been growing exponentially in recent years, this increase in data across all

Cloud computing as a new paradigm of information technology that offers tremendous advantages in economic aspects such as reduced time to market, flexible computing capabilities and limitless computing power. To use the full potential of cloud computing, data are transferred, processed and stored by external cloud providers.

Cloud computing system, which functions based on the concept of providing computing as a utility, can be defined as the method of providing resources for computing on demand, using remotely operational servers on the internet for data storage, processing data and managing data. Its equivalent to using a computer for its services, only without having to carry the hardware for it. Cloud applications, being dynamically scalable, agile and capable of running virtual applications and even an OS on a browser help in reducing costs of resource acquisition.

The article “Cloud Computing: State of the Art and Security Issues” is written by Shruti Chhabra and V.S. Dixit, published by ACM SIGSOFT on 3rd April 2015. The article appears to be a collection of basics terminologies for Cloud Computing along with some categories comparisons between various Cloud services available in the market. In an attempt to discuss various security issues related to Cloud Computing, the authors have divided the article into nine areas as summarized below.

A major shift in the way companies obtain software and computing capacity is under way as more companies tap into Web-based applications like cloud computing and Web 2.0. A host of providers including Amazon, IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft are helping businesses use the Internet to tap into everything from more server capacity to software that helps manage the workload. Assigning these tasks to an offsite location is known as cloud computing (Kroenke, 2013, King, 2008, Wardley, 2012, Hinchcliffe, 2014).

Due to the large amount of people using this new platform, there are a variety of risks that must be analysed in regards to privacy and security. These include but are not limited to Information being stolen, Lost, or tampered with. The benefits as well as the drawbacks of cloud computing will be further explored within this briefing report.

Big data is a term used to define the amount of data, structures and unstructured, so huge that traditional data base managements techniques are rendered useless and the storage and analytics of this data pose a problem. There are various types of big data and big data can be defined in four Vs, which are: Volume, Velocity, Variety and Veracity. The problem is solved by Google Distributed File System, an application that google created for it’s own use to automatically store data.

The need for computing systems has been increasing in the last decades. This can be proved by the increase on the use of cloud computing. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), cloud computing is an online system that allows to share different types of sources with slight resources (NIST 2012). In addition, cloud computing is changing the tradition definition of computation and information as products to services (Laykin 2013, p.142; Demir 2012, p.30). This change has brought a considerable number of advantages, such as “on demand self-service”, “broad network access”, “resource pooling”, “rapid elasticity” and “measure service” (NIST 2012). However, this new technology also has been rising new ethical