Australian Regional Planning Issues And Policies

In 1901 the Pacific Islanders act and the Immigration Restriction act (White Australia Policy) (WAP) were forced into a reality. The Chinese were working cheap labour and the Europeans were annoyed and they couldn’t find work. In 1903 the Dictation test was put into place as an opportunity for everyone to come into Australia, however, these tests were more often given in languages some people didn’t know existed and this showed because only 46 people passed out of the 805 tests given. The migrants who were rejected were either refused entry or deported. Because of WW1 the Enemy Aliens act was started up so Germans would be separate from the Australians so they wouldn’t fight. Germans were either refused entry or put into a concentration

WWII had a big impact on the social changes in Australia before and after the war. One of the reasons it had such an impact on Australia was due to the immigration policy, which was made to increase Australia’s population. The immigration policy is a policy on legal migrants. Legal migrants who come to Australia under the migration act are non – Australians who come to the country for work or other reasons without permission or people who overstay their visas. This enforces that those who come in the country without permission may be subject to mandatory immigration detention and may be deported from the country at any time, unless been given permission to stay in Australia. This policy has contributed to the multicultural society of Australia today. To this day, there in an estimated 50 000 people who have overstayed their visas, most of these people come from British nations. Those touching base by boat or different means without official classification as refugees are no longer granted permission outcast status on landing. For example, those from an Asian background are becoming a more familiar part of Australia’s society today. Overseas migrant entries have assumed a vital part in changing the face of Australia. The current variety of migrants born in Australia include areas such as The United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy, Vietnam, China, Greece, Germany, Philippines and India. Since the change in immigration policy in the late 1960s to one of non-discrimination on race or ethnic background, there has been a significant change in the overseas sources of migrants, with settlers arriving from more diverse regions of the world. To this day, Australia’s overseas born population consists of people who practise over 140 recognized ethnic groups, people who fluently speak over 90 different languages and people who believe in over 80 different religions. This expanding ethnic and social diversity has changed the way Australians view both themselves and other societies of the world. It has

This was good for both countries, as Britain was struggling with the repatriation of many of its soldiers, and unemployment was at record highs in that country, and Australia desperately needed its population to rise to help develop a new nation. This incentive program was ultimately very successful, with over 300 000 (Bereson, 2000) British nationals emigrating to Australia, bringing skills, labour force and population growth to drive the economy forward. One component of this immigration program was that offered involved land settlements to Allied ex-servicemen, and 17 000 ex-soldiers took this opportunity. This led to greater farm and industry production, which fed the growth of a young Australia.

During the years from 1914 - 1918 Australia was at constant battle all over the world fighting for the british. With battles deaths always follow. So many people say, “what did we ever gain from WW1 we lost so many people as a country”. Although we lost almost 60,000 men and 150,000 wounded or taken prisoner. After the war the British Government offered ex-servicemen free transportation to some of the colonies, 17,000 migrants arrived in Australia between 1919 and 1922. Community organisations paid for migrants to come over to Australia. Small numbers also arrived independently. It was also said that up to 300,000 men came over from britain post war to live. The British government gave an incentive to migrate over because so many people

Australia “The Lucky Country”; a stepping stone to a better life. The words of social critic Donald Horne stated in 1964 have been used to describe Australia’s wonderful culture, history and lifestyle. For many 20th century migrants this is what they only knew about the country creating an outburst of migrants arriving into Australia with the desire to seek a better life, escape poverty, war or persecution. They brought along with them a mix bag of emotions; fear and worry, happiness and joy alongside the expectations of the typical Australian life hoping to find acceptance, belonging, freedom and a promising future. However, due to the impact of many polices and historical events that have taken place in the past, the migrant experience has

The Hungarian migrants who came to Australia after World War II were mainly refugees following the Hungarian

With the already little population of 5 million Australian people and the loss of 300,000 men, this should have been a dark time, but to make up on that loss Australia received 300,000 migrants. These Migrants came from Britain. As there was a large amount of unemployment the British government encouraged the people of britain to migrate to Australia. Also the

In August 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, an immense wave of support flooded Britain from her ally, Australia. All Australian political parties, community leaders, newspapers and churches were on-board with this major movement to help the mother country. All believed it was a morally right and necessary commitment . World War I, 1914 – 1918 had a significant and long lasting impact on the Australian home front. ‘The civilian population ’ had to undergo many changes to cater for the war. At this time women’s push for a larger role in the war effort caused a significant and long lasting impact on the Australian home front, which has helped shape workplace gender equality today. Conscription also impacted the Australian home front, meaning, compulsory enlistment of people in military service. As well as the massive impact on Australia’s economy from the many trading cancellations through abandoned or cut off allies, which has helped build Australia’s economy to what it is today.

Australia was in a time of crisis during World War 2 (1945) when they were threatened by the Japanese invasions. Australia did not have a big population at that time resulting in not have a strong defence to protect Australia. The Department of Immigration that was created then strongly urged that Australia needed an increase in its population by at least 1% each year. They needed a plan to gain a huge population; they needed to populate or perish!

Asian migration wave has had a significant impact on the Australian Political Policies as Asian it is a significant issue because it helped to make Australia richer and more culturally diverse today. It has also helped to change Political Policies to benefit other migrants positively. The slides hat follow allow you to observe present discussions and will also include an insight into the Asian Migration Wave, Impacts relating to Australia’s political policies as well as whether these impacts were continuous or changed.

The history of Australia’s paranoia of invasion is stated by Nikos Papastergiadis to been evident back in 1901 with Australia’s first immigration act weighted by the paranoia of an Asian invasion of the geographical isolated Australia. Australia’s fears increased with the rise of Imperial Japan in WW2. Australia kept itself isolated from Asia as much as possible, only keeping to economic deals, while still supporting British and American

Albury Wodonga is a known Aboriginal re settlement area, this was decided around the 1960s or 70’s by the government at that time with the reasoning that in this area Indigenous Australians would have good access to healthcare, employment, education and other services. Albury- Wodonga is home to over 85,000 people and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders make up around 2% of this number (AMS profile, 2011.

It includes areas from the south side of Botany Bay, around Port Hacking to the north of the Shoalhaven River (Nowra) and extending inland west to Campbelltown and Camden. (Heiss, A., & McCormack, T. ,2002) The Gundungurra Aboriginal Tribal Council write: ‘Our ancient country is an identification of our physical and spiritual relationship with our land which spans the country from the Upper Blue Mountains to the south west through the Jamison and Burragorang Valleys towards Goulburn’. (n.d.) The region played a significant role in protecting the headwaters of the Georges River and the biodiversity of the southern Sydney region as well as creating the connecting corridors that are so vital for the resilience of a National Park. There are more than 200 upland swamps in the area filtering pure water into Sydney’s drinking water, which represent the highest concentration on mainland Australia . (Boyd, Anne.

3. Phillips, Janet and Spinks, Harriet. 2012 "Skilled migration: temporary and permanent flows to Australia" Social Policy Section, Parliamentary Library.

Regional planning literature, for instance Barca (2009) suggests that there are various strategies which can be used to stimulate development (regional/national) and these can be categorised into classes, including inter alia, place neutral and place based development strategies. This paper however, dwells much on the analysis of the arguments levelled in support of placed based development strategies as a recipe for regional development, with reference to Zimbabwe’s provinces. By and large, development is a very broad and illusive concept hence there is no consensus among scholars as to what really constitutes development. Barca (2011) argues that ‘place-based’ development strategies or mechanisms are partially a response to the perceived failures of earlier regional development strategies and focus instead on tackling underutilised economic potential and reducing social exclusion, through supply of integrated goods and services tailored to local contexts and triggering innovation, which is critical to regional economic growth. In distinguishing place based development strategies from traditional development strategies, Barca (2011:221) argues that, ‘place-based approaches to regional development put greater emphasis on arguing that, the well-being of each and every individual also depends on the context in which he or she lives’. Critical to note however, is the fact that if regional development is to be effected in Zimbabwe’s provinces, there is need to integrate place