Baghdad

From a review of the 7 documents presented, it is clear that Christianity and Islam condemned inequitable trade, which led to many Christians and Muslims to look down upon merchants; however, honest business, especially as a merchant, is honored highly. In fact, the Qur'an compares fair merchants to martyrs which were some of the holiest people of all [D2]. However, many Christian and Muslim believers found most merchants to be dishonest and greedy. A Christian scholar describes a merchant's job and then concludes that when a person sells something for more than it is worth, it is "unjust and unlawful" [D4].

Silks were produced under the Sultan leaders, but rugs were a peasant industry. Separate villages had their own distinctive designs. All rugs though use the “Gordian knot” from the Gordes region. Tribal leaders collected the taxes. For the Safavids economic side, They took direct interest in economy. They were engaged in manufacturing and trade. The King monitored the economy very closely. They would also kill people for dishonest business practices. However, the Safavids were probably not as wealthy as Ottoman or Mughal. For Economics to the Munguls Empire, they were at peace and stability under Akbar. This caused commerce and manufacturing to thrive. Their goods, like textiles, tropical food, spices, and precious stones were exported.

the Muslim Qur’an describes all trade transaction as blessed as long they are fair but says those who give less then what they receive in a trade also known as merchants are cheaters. The Qur’an, the first Muslim text, approves trade and judges merchants. Document 5, written in the fourteenth century by Ibn Khaldun, leading Muslim scholar, says the qualities of merchants decrease one’s manliness but trade is a natural mean of livelihood. Ibn Khaldun had the same ideas as the Qur’an even though it was written hundreds of years before. One hundred years later in the fifteenth century these same ideas are still enforced in Muslim life. Document 7 describes a court case between the weaver’s guild and the said guild. Like the previous documents, this court case shows the need for trade in addition to the unfair way it is being carried. This document is bias because a merchant is being accused of an unfair transaction but not all merchants are

Supported by documents 2, 5, and 7, this statement is very unambiguous. Written towards the beginning of the Islamic faith, in 620-650 CE, document 2 is from the Muslim point of view and the document believes the two and only then will their transaction be blessed. During this time, merchants and trade were highly valued and shown a great deal of respect. The main reason for this belief is the Prophet Muhammad. Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad so therefor; Muhammad is highly worshiped and looked upon on. The reason that merchants are dear to Muslims is because Prophet Muhammad as well as his wife, Khadija, are born Muslims, thus causing Muslims to appreciate merchants. However, as time goes on, it is noticeable that the respect will be lowered. In addition to document 2, document 5 is written by Ibn Khaldun, a leading Muslim scholar during the fourteenth century. Document 5 describes how it is sometimes necessary to transport goods to a place where they are more keenly demanded and therefore fetch a much higher price for them. As seen, people of both religions grew greedier over time and traded unfairly just to make a higher profit. Also in document 5, the scholar mentions that, “As for trade, although it be a natural means of livelihood, yet most of the methods it employs tricks aimed at making a profit by securing the difference between the

This document teaches historians about the Islamic Empire under the rule of the Abbasid Empire and how, during al-Ya’qubi’s time, Baghdad was the heart of the huge network the Islamic Empire had created. Al-Ya’qubi lived during the ninth century and his observations on Baghdad in “A New Islamic Dynasty” gave historians more insight into the Islamic World regarding: a) the central role that Baghdad played in the Islamic State during his time, b) Baghdad’s transformation from village to powerful city and c) perceiving how al-Yaqubi’s personal ties to Baghdad affected his observations. Although al-Ya’qubi may have exaggerated when describing some people or events, he certainly highlighted the historical period and society where he lived by mentioning how central and pivotal Baghdad as a city was to the Islamic World both during his time – and, to an extent, for world history as a

Mesopotamia, “the Land between Rivers,” was one of the greatest and the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. This civilization flourished around 3000 B.C. on the piece of fertile land, now known as Iraq, between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Before 1792 B.C., the city-states of ancient Mesopotamia were not united and constantly clashed in turmoil and warfare. In 1792 B.C., King Hammurabi conquered and merged the neighboring city states of ancient Mesopotamia, creating a Babylonian empire and becoming the sixth king of its capitol city, Babylon. During his reign, Hammurabi established law and order and funded irrigation, defense, and religious projects. He personally took care of and governed the administration. In

(Doc 1) One field that the government supported was education. The rulers wanted qualified doctors to treat them, and they relied on mathematicians to calculate the times of prayer and direction of Mecca. They also opened up a House of Wisdom in Baghdad in the early 800’s. The financial support provided by the government is what gave them the means to do pursue what they wanted. (Doc 6) In addition, religion was a major influence on the Muslims. Artists made art in buildings and objects with calligraphy to express the glory of Allah. This form of art was a great outlet for people to express their beliefs in a physical form, and without the religious aspect, they would have no motivation behind their work. (Doc 2) Furthermore, their insatiable need for more learning encouraged them. The city of Cordova had 37 libraries, a plethora of bookstores, and 800 public schools. Because of this, the citizens had the privilege of walking in neat, paved streets, only one factor that generally improved the quality of life. This and all the other factors were only the beginning steps to refine life and lead to the great society we live in

Not only did Germany begin to reconstruct the biblical city but Iraq also did under the control of Saddam Hussein. Following the idea of uniting the European countries, Saddam began to reconstruct the ancient city of Babylon directly on top of the original. Trying to unite the west with Islam, the attempt coincides near perfectly with the cultural belief of having other Godly figures and the prophecy of what was to come with the second Babylon. Both with Germany and Iraq, when the cultural beliefs of straying from God and mankind with their power seemingly above any other take over the societies experience economic and social turmoil.

The topic is about drug rape, but I think it’s actually deeper than that. I think that it hits on not just the rape but that she never expressed or told anyone of her feelings about it. She wrote about her feelings to get them out but never shared the paper with anyone not even her husband.

Asking a child which snack he prefers, a vegetable or something better suited for dessert, it is more than likely he will choose the tooth-rotting goodness of his favorite treat, even if it is against his parents’ demands. It is quite extraordinary how a child, although in a situation less life-changing than an adult may be in, can also make the choice to do something ruthless because it is too irresistible to pass up. Due to this atavistic tendency, the message of making the right choices is ubiquitous in media. In Michael Lehmann’s drama Heathers, Veronica Sawyer finds difficulty in assuaging her situation because of her oscillation between choosing to carry out all opportunities to take revenge or to stick to ethics, leading into the idea

At their origins, Christians and Muslims had different views about merchants and traders. This can be seen in the first two documents which are excerpts from the holy books of

Citibank should launch the card product in Asia for several reasons. Firstly, Citibank can ride on the rapid economic development in the region via credit card products. Secondly, it is also an excellent way to overcome distribution limitations imposed on foreign banks in the region. Thirdly, it allows Citibank to expand its customer base from the upper income segment to include the rapidly growing middle-income households, which is consistent with its global growth strategy and mission in Asia Pacific. Fourthly, by introducing credit cards, Citibank will be able to cross-sell other product lines such as Auto Loans and Ready Credit

Pre-Islamic Arabia was a culture knit together by kinship. In this society there was no emperor or ruling elite. The people of pre-Islamic Arabia were bound together by nomadic tribes who made profit by trading and most importantly “raiding”. These raids were often described as small-scale warfare and were instrumented by tribal leaders in order to increase the wealth and power of the tribe (Gordon 5). This was the society in which Islam came to power. Warfare and raiding were essential in order to be successful in pre-Islamic Arabia. The integration of warfare into the Islamic religion created a similarity among Muslims, those who follow Islam, and non-Islamic Arabian people. This relationship and common interest established by the prophet Muhammad helped in the rise of Islam among non-Islamic

SOCIALLY, following the war with Iran in 1988, Iraq was ranked 50 in the 1990 UNDP Human Development Index, which measures national success in education, GDP, and health. Iraq was nearing the top of the middle range of countries in regard to the implementation of basic social services and infrastructure. However, under Saddam’s rule, the prosecution of Shiites and Kuwaitis was a normal occurrence. Called by some a genocide, the period of murder, terror, and persecution faced by these groups was the foundation for a long-lasting unrest within the hearts and minds of Iraqi citizens. The rest of the Iraqi citizens, however, lived normal, comfortable lives. In the late 20th century, many traveled from afar to utilize and learn from Iraq’s intricate network of hospitals and social centers regarded as the best in the region. (CIA 2) However, constant war drained Iraq’s wealth and decimated its people. In the Iraq-Iran War, Saddam Hussein unwillingly forced Iraq into a disastrous attempt to overthrow the Islamist government in Iran. When the dust settled, over 200,000 Iraqis were dead, and more than twice this number were wounded. Iraq’s increasing debt, nearing about 75 Billion, soon had the Arab

Starting their empire in 750 C.E., the Abbasids were certain to leave a major impact on the Arab world. The Abbasids had moved the empire’s capital to Baghdad, from Damascus, after gaining control. The empire had spanned across three continents and was drenched with many open ideas, as the empire had been widely involved in trade. Being spanned over such a vast array of land, the Abbasids had many ideas in front of them, and they were capable of drawing out the best of those from the areas in which they had conquered. These ideas were not even from extensive trade routes that they had carved out themselves, but they had just used the ones that were established by the Persians, before the Umayyad Dynasty had taken them over. Through somewhat minimal work, this empire was capable