Rhianna DiGiaimo
Baroque
Tuesday 8:30
Materials and Props
“What is the Baroque period and why is it so important?” is something one might ask when unsure of art periods and how influential they are to us today. The Baroque period was a time in the sixteenth century when style was exaggerated, gardens started to become more elaborate, power was on the rise, and straight lines in architecture were all the rage. However, one might not know that the Baroque period in Italy, born in
Italy, that it entered France through various artists. French artists of the time were inspired not only by paintings in Rome (the main center of innovative ideas), but also by works from the Venetian Renaissance.
During the late sixteenth century in France, they endured
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Yet his son Louis XII who had an appreciation for visual arts hired Simon Vouet, the son of a painter and is said to have been active as an artist himself from his early teens, from
Rome in 1627 to be his court painter thus starting the Italian influence that we see in
France.
France started to become the most powerful country in the seventeenth century and fighting Italy in leadership for visual arts including architecture, painting, and decorative objects. This all started when Louis XIV, who was king in 1643. Through wars he was able to increase France’s land and bring prestige to the country. Louis XIV was not a lover of art, but he appreciated its value in promoting the power and glory of himself and his country, and he spent a lot of money on it. The greatest symbol of his
wealth during his reign was the huge palace of Versailles. Louis began his building there in the 1660s and went on into the 18th century, employing an enormous workforce. As
France was beginning to revive after the civil war, the arts also gained life. The move from Mannerism to Baroque style first appeared in the work of French artists working
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Bibliography
"Architecture in France in the Seventeenth Century." Arts and Humanities Through the
Eras , edited by Edward I. Bleiberg, et al., vol. 5: The Age of the Baroque and
Enlightenment 1600-1800, Gale, 2005, pp. 17-29. Gale Virtual Reference Library , http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3427400798/GVRL?u=fashionidm&sid=GV RL&xid=060e27d3. Accessed 23 Apr. 2018.
"French Baroque." Art That Changed the World , DK Publishing, 2013, pp.
[190]-199. Gale Virtual Reference Library , http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX6510300028/GVRL?u=fashionidm&sid=GV RL&xid=11634ed8. Accessed 23 Apr. 2018 .
Miller, Judith. "Style Guide: Baroque and Rococo." Antiques Investigator , DK
Publishing, 2009, pp. 12-13. Gale Virtual Reference Library , http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2113800010/GVRL?u=fashionidm&sid=GV RL&xid=ed035a8d. Accessed 23 Apr. 2018.
Tortora, Phyllis. "Europe and America: History of Dress (400–1900 C.E.)."
Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion , edited by Valerie Steele, vol. 1, Charles
Scribner's Sons, 2005, pp. 418-428. Gale Virtual Reference Library , http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3427500196/GVRL?u=fashionidm&sid=GV RL&xid=30e09a44. Accessed 23 Apr.
Louis XIV turned France around from an unorganized feuding country to one of the most organized, powerful, innovative monarchies in Europe. In addition, he managed to advance civil equality among the people by turning all the people into his loyal subjects (Norton, p.175). How did he do all this? The armed forces that had formerly been a private enterprise who had been fighting against each other or had hired themselves out for payment, was taken over and consolidated into one entity fighting, by the king for the king. He made war an activity of the state which produced peace and order in France while strengthening the fighting power of France against other states (Norton, p.175). In addition, he put soldiers in uniform, taught them how to march in step and housed them in barracks which assisted them in becoming more susceptible to discipline and control (Norton, p.175). There was now a hierarchy in place and was able to get a greater degree of government control that put him on the top as the commander in chief of the army due to his power and the creation of the first large civilian administration (Norton, p.176). This was the first time that ministers of war consisted of civilians and this grew the armies power exponentially. Louis XIV also overhauled the grandeur of France when he took an old village Versailles and turned it into the palace of Versailles that became known as one of the most splendid marvels in Europe so much so, that it became the envy of lessor kings.
The Baroque period can be described by many events including the American Revolution. However, what distinguishes the period is the work or art that was done during that time. The Baroque was a period of a particular artistic style that exaggerated emotions. The art of that time produced grandeur, drama, tension, and exuberance. The forms of art included painting, sculpture, architecture, theatre, and music. The style began in Italy, and it eventually spread to other parts of Europe . Nonetheless, it was mostly practiced in Rome. The baroque style of art made popular by the Roman Catholic Church. The church employed the style during the Protestant Reformation to stop the religious group from spreading their reach. There was a deliberate intention
2. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? The Baroque was a period of absolute monarchs. The monarchs had total control over every aspect of their realms: the economy, the books, the style of art, and even life and death. Louis XIV became the model and he set the stage for many things going on during this period. In many parts of Europe, a strict social hierarchy, rigid laws, and elaborate codes of dress and manners characterized life. There were no major wars. There were knew technological developments that led to scientists and philosophers open up to new ideas and a new way of thinking rather
Through Louis XIV wars his people groups economy was backing off and getting to be distinctly poor, so that left his kin to not need him any longer. During his time a head he cleared out a positive foundation and a legacy of the French Empire. Lord Louis was known as the most effective leader of his time.
Louis XIV was a very generous spender. He put in large amounts of money to finance the royal court, and operated as a supporter of the arts, funding literary and cultural figures. He also kept his army in mind by building military complex known as the Hôtel des Invalides to give a home for officers and soldiers who had served him loyally in the army. The Hôtel des Invalides established new treatments frequently and set a new standard for the rather barbarous hospice treatment styles of the period. To support a Machiavellian tactic, Louis XIV didn?t have any mercenaries or auxiliaries, he controlled his own army, and was a self-sufficient ruler that didn?t rely on the help of others in battle.
Louis XIV is known for his powerful approach to rule. For example, within foreign policy, pressing the invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in 1667, boldly deeming it his wife 's rightful inheritance. The conflict was named, The War of Devolution, and lasted a year. France lost, although Louis XIV did not give up, and engaged in the great Franco-Dutch War from 1672 to 1678. During the war, France managed to acquire more land and the victory promoted France to the status of a dominant power. After all, Louis XIV was known to France as the Sun King, the most powerful and god-like being on earth, he couldn’t stand for defeat. This new dominant status, coupled with Louis XIV 's audacious campaigns to constantly expand territory through the use of military force, positioned France as an immediate threat to other European nations, and positioned Louis XIV as a looming figure over all of Europe. Louis XIV thought of war as the sport of Kings, and he put a lot into his favorite pastime.
Although Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great, brought death and destruction through his wars, there are many positive aspects of his reign, such as the creation of Versailles and the building of France’s national army. He did what had never been done before. He changed the lifestyle and the attitude of France by creating one of the most powerful monarchies ever to be built and at the same time, reassured all the nobility and other wealthy groups of their political and social standings. He made it clear that he was the final decision maker yet he still needed the help of the nobility and other authorities.
The Baroque period has played a great role in many aspects of the society in different countries, but most significantly in religion, politics, and socioeconomic.
The period of Baroque art was from 1600 to 1750, and relates to the style
Louis XIV was charitable. He did open a veterans’ hospital in 1670 to house ex-soldiers. He opened academies for dance, inscriptions, sciences, architecture and music. These academies set standards for taste. He annexed valuable land such as Flanders and Franche-Comte. Louis’ decision to suppress the Protestant religion can be seen as a political move to join France under one religion and to build national unity.
•The rise of the bourgeoisie: The new merchant class becomes a supporter of the arts, creating the climate for the development of a Baroque style in Northern Europe, particularly in Holland.
The term baroque is used to describe an artistic style characteristic of the seventeenth century which was expressed through painting, sculptures and architecture. This movement departed from the previous artistic style the Renaissance with its idealism and emphasis on harmonious design, and it accentuates this departure with exaggerated lighting and curves within the art piece. The term baroque was not used as a label by the people of the time, it was a term coined by 18th-century art critics to mean shocking, confused and bizarre. Baroque art reflects intense emotions and a particular sort of Dionysian chaos; a release from restraint, and even a kind of artistic sensationalism, meant to evoke drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur.
The Baroque Period (1600-1750) was mainly a period of newly discovered ideas. From major new innovations in science, to vivid changes in geography, people were exploring more of the world around them. The music of the baroque period was just as extreme as the new changes. Newly recognized composers such as Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, and Monteverdi were writing entirely new musical ideas and giving a chance for new voices to be heard that were normally not thought of sounds. Their musical legacy is still recognized today, and is a treasured discovery of outstanding compositions being reiterated with every performance of them.
A number of modern artists have focused on reflecting personal perception of the world through a contemporary Baroque style in art. The increasing popularity of Baroque nowadays is due to the complex processes that took place in society and the solutions the modern culture has to offer to resolve them. Truly, through the history, the emergence of Baroque elements has always reflected the complexity of human life, followed by technological progress and cultural exchange. Eventually, Baroque, the style characterized by extravagance and drama, has been defined as anti-classical, innovative and experimental, intended to touch directly the beholder, individual of diverse and pluralistic society.
It is hard to believe that what began during the Renaissance would be followed by what we refer to as the Baroque period beginning in the 1600’s and later the Rococo. The term Baroque was first used in the eighteenth-century by critics in a negative way. “To the eyes of these critics, who favored the restraint and order of Neoclassicism, the works of Bernini, Borromini, and Pietro da Cortona appeared bizarre, absurd, even diseased—in other words, misshapen, like an imperfect pearl” (Camara, E., n.d. para. 12). Stylistic style differs in the Baroque period with the use of interrupted contours, dynamism, and instability. In addition, artists were moving toward a more realistic subject matter and not the idealized portrayals we saw in the Renaissance period.