The Battle of Chipyong-ni
The United States military is, arguably, the most powerful military in the world, and its success on the battlefield in recent years against insurgent forces has caused many Soldiers to think solely about offensive operations. While many may say that defensive operations cannot achieve a decisive victory in war and are conducted by much weaker nations than the United States of America, this type of thinking is dangerous as rogue nations like North Korea continue to develop and pose a genuine threat. A conflict with North Korea would most certainly require us to conduct defensive operations just as COL Paul Freeman's 23rd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) expertly demonstrated during the Korean War in the battle at Chipyong-ni.
From 3-15 February 1951, COL Freeman's practical application of U.S. Army defensive principles was vital to the 23rd RCT's triumph over the Communist Chinese Forces (CCF) in the battle at Chipyong-ni. While a lack of shared understanding almost led to defeat, the trust, initiative, and prudent risk, applied at multiple levels of command, carried the Regiment through two days of fierce fighting, to ultimate victory.
Strategic, Operational, Tactical Background
The Battle at Chipyong-ni had great strategic value.
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The Battle of Chipyong-ni was a decisive battle during the Korean War and the first major victory following the entry of the Chinese into the war. COL Freeman employed the following principles of mission command during the battle of Chipyong-ni: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, use of mission orders, exercise disciplined initiative, and accept prudent risk. He was an outstanding leader who knew the value of good communication with his unit. He led by example, and fostered a climate that allowed his subordinates to excel.
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