Beatrice Moses Hinkle (1874-1953) was born in San Francisco. She was privately educated, and enjoyed the arts and literature. Beatrice was an extraordinary thinker. She had the strong encouragement of her parents who were committed to educational methods and thrive for success, but little else is known about her family relations. In 1892, Beatrice married Walter S. Hinkle, a lawyer and assistant district attorney, and that same year entered the Cooper Medical School, which later was taken over by Stanford University. Sadly, her husband died in 1899 after only seven years of marriage.
Beatrice Hinkle, whose own interest in psychological processes led her to a medical degree and a psychoanalytic career. Beatrice overcome her grief
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35).
Hinkle 's theoretical perspective is psychoanalytic, being influenced by Freud and then mostly by Jung. She expanded on the work of Jung. Hinkle is often considered the forerunner of modern feminism and considered a progressive Jungian psychiatrist.
By 1916, Dr. Hinkle published a translation of Jung 's theories of the unconscious titled "The Psychology of the Unconscious," the first publication in America of Carl Jung 's work. She added several theories of her own and broadened the context of terms such as "complex" and "repression." She explained that " This important group of ideas or impressions, those that come out from the patient 's mind while being psychoanalyzed, with the feelings and emotions clustered around them which are betrayed through this painful process, was called by Jung a complex" (Hinkle, 1916, p. 14). Repression, in her theories, was the phenomenon that banishes these painful memories so once the patient states that there is nothing else to say or he cannot remember anything else he has been quite honest. She said that this reaction is a normal mechanism by which nature protects the individual from such painful feelings as are caused by unpleasant thoughts. "Then there is 'resistance '" she continues, "which is an important mechanism which interferes with a free flow of thought and produces the greatest difficulty in further conduct of the analysis since
Carl Jung (1875 – 1961) was a one time friend and colleague of Sigmund Freud, who initially held similar views to Freud. He started to feel dissatisfied with Freud’s ideas though and broke away from that school of thought in 1913. Jung also had a great interest in mystical and magical subjects, Buddhism and Hinduism, which influenced Jung’s own ideas on a theory of personality. He too, suggested there were 3 parts; the conscious mind (or ego), the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. ‘The main point of difference between the two men (Jung and Freud) was Freud’s definition of sexuality and libido. Although Jung conceded the importance of the
Since these women made their breakthrough there has been more and more women contributing their knowledge to many areas in psychology such as, Anna Freud, who became influenced by her father’s theories and created her own theories in psychoanalysis. Karen Horney who contributed a substantial amount to the personality theory and later became interested in feminine psychology, Melanie Klein and Mary Ainsworth, just to name a few.
Jung agrees with Freud that personal conscious is a repository of content previously conscious, even though they may have been forgotten. For example; collective unconscious can be hereditary and transferred to another, which is why Jung agreed with Freud’s argument that Anna transferred her affect to Breuer. Both Jung and Freud agree that a human’s unconsciousness is buried deep and few are able to reach it on a psychoanalysis level. However, Jung disagreed with Freud’s claims that sexuality is the basis of unconscious
It was not until a few years before her death she started growing up a bit, finding interests and hobbies. She really got into natural stuff and homeopathic medicine and was excited to be an expert in something. She wanted to help people. It was exciting for her. It was nice to see her becoming the person she wanted to be. But, she never got the chance to finish the metamorphosis.”
Psychoanalytic or also known as the Freudian, we could understand more. I believe she was an
• Does her poetry and her personal life reflect the theory of feminism or in another word does Sylvia is a feminist writer ?
Beatrice spent her childhood and early adulthood at the family farm in Point La Nim. She was there in 1921 and in 1935, and remained there until her marriage in 1938. Raised in a household split between a Presbyterian father and a Roman Catholic mother, Beatrice seems to
In Freudian therapy, or psychoanalysis, healing occurs when repressed thoughts and feelings are brought in to consciousness. This allows the patient to develop a stronger ego and resolve internal
Sigmund Freud, one of the most well known psychologists to this day, was known as the “Father of Psychoanalysis”. The main focus of psychoanalysis was
Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control (Guerin 127). One of Freud’s most important contributions to the study of the psyche is his theory of repression: the unconscious mind is a repository of repressed desires,
Carl Gustav Jung is a Swiss psychiatrist and the successor of psychoanalysis with important intellectual movements of the twentieth century. In his early career, Jung was influenced by the theory of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis (Breger 2000, p. 217). However, they came into disagreement in notions which then broke their relationship. It was because Freud’s view of myth was based on reality, which there was no religion involved, whereas Jung though that myth was based on both reality and religion. Consequently, Jung’s notions were commonly accepted by society because of the wider context. Then, through his research and clinical findings, he developed some concepts like archetypes, collective unconscious, shadow, extrovert and introvert and persona (Carter 2011 p. 442). These concepts help Jung to deepen the explanation about myth. For Jung, myth is a projection of archetypes and collective unconscious. Their form are universal and identical with every society back into history. Myth can be identical because the original form, the archetypes, is configured to be the same among human's unconscious globally where people's psychic realm encounters certain motifs and typical figures that built into the structure of man’s unconsciousness (Jung Myth Ex. 3-4). According to Edward Tylor and James Frazer, myth and science were contradict where science was factual and myth was not (Segal 2003, p. 48). Therefore, myth has an important role in human nature and modern
In 1935 Anna became the director of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training Institute and the following year she published another book, which was a very influential study of the “ways and means by which the ego wards off unpleasure and anxiety”, called The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. This book was different from the “traditional bases of psychoanalytical through in the drives: it became a founding work of ego psychology and established her reputation as a pioneering theoretician” (“Anna Freud - Life," n.d.).
When we study the history of psychology one might assume there were minimal female contributors, but that is a big misconception. Women in the past struggled with discrimination and many hurdles to gain recognition for their work. Women psychologists have gone largely unrecognized, unappreciated, and almost unseen to historical accounts. The lack of acknowledgement for women psychologists in today’s study takes away from the comprehensive study to our generation. It is exceedingly important that we receive a well-rounded education of all the great psychologists in history and not only the male founders. The following women I will discuss mention only a few who have made an influence in psychology.
This paper looks at the movie; A Dangerous Method directed by David Cronenberge is based on true life events that happened on the eve of the World War 1. This movie brings out the theories, techniques, and the central characters in the early history of psychoanalysis. It brings out the effectiveness of psychoanalysis method and shows the risks and dangers encountered when entering the unconscious mind. This movie takes a look at these through the life of Carl Jung who was one of the founding fathers of psychoanalysis. It also takes a glimpse into the turbulent relationship between a doctor, his mentor, and his patient. The paper will begin by giving a short
Psychoanalytic film theory, which is derived from Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, appears in the discussion of cinema early in the 1970s. As the conjunction of psychoanalysis and film theory, scholars use this theory for textual analysis and different elements like the monstrous-feminine, mirror stage identification, and the Oedipus complex are concluded and developed. To reexamine the mother-child relationship, I will argue that these key elements of psychoanalytic film theory are useful to understand the psychic activities of protagonists of Black Swan and The Babadook. Additionally, they provide some evidence to explain the mode of how a mother gets along with her child. I will begin by discussing the term