Beta Latamase Lab Report

In this lab or experiment, the aim was to determine the following factors of enzymes: (1) the effects of enzymes concentration the catalytic rate or the rate of the reaction, (2) the effects of pH on a particular enzyme, an enzyme known and referred throughout this experiment as ALP (alkaline phosphate enzyme) and lastly (3) the effects of various temperatures on the reaction or catalytic rate. Throughout the experiment 8 separate cuvettes and tubes are mixed with various solutions (labeled as tables 1,3 & 4 in the apparatus/materials sections of the lab) and tested for the effects of the factors mentioned above (concentration, pH and temperature). The tubes labeled 1-4 are tested for pH with pH paper and by spectrophotometer, cuvettes 1a-4a was tested for concentration and cuvettes labeled 1b-4b was tested for temperature in four different atmospheric conditions (4ºC, 23ºC, 32ºC and 60ºC) to see how the enzyme solution was affected by the various conditions. After carrying out the procedures the results showed that the experiment followed the theory for the most part, which is that all the factors work best at its optimum level. So, the optimum pH that the enzymes reacted at was a pH of 7 (neutral), the optimum temperature that the reactions occurs with the enzymes is a temperature of 4ºC or

The use of multiple test tubes and Parafilm was used for each experiment. Catechol, potato juice, pH 7 phosphate buffer, and stock potato extract 1:1 will be used to conduct the following experiments: temperature effect on enzyme activity, the effect of pH on enzyme action, the effect of enzyme concentration, and the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. For the temperature effect on enzyme activity, three test tube were filled with three ml of pH 7 phosphate buffer and each test tube was labels 1.5 degrees Celsius, 20 °C, and 60 °C. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath, the second test tube was left at room temperature, and the third test tube was placed in approximately 60°C of warm water. After filling the test tubes with three ml of the

3. Did your enzyme's rate change over time? How does this compare to a real enzyme?

The purpose of this experiment was to record catalase enzyme activity with different temperatures and substrate concentrations. It was hypothesized that, until all active sites were bound, as the substrate concentration increased, the reaction rate would increase. The first experiment consisted of five different substrate concentrations, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0% H2O2. The second experiment was completed using 0.8% substrate concentration and four different temperatures of enzymes ranging from cold to boiled. It was hypothesized that as the temperature increased, the reaction rate would increase. This would occur until the enzyme was denatured. The results from the two experiments show that the more substrate concentration,

Enzymes are the very successful machines of natural life. They are in charge of lowering so as to catalyze responses the enactment vitality for these responses. Enzymes are comprised of proteins interpreted from nucleic corrosive coding material, so they have particular duties inside of a life form. Beta-lactamase is a enzyme that separates beta-lactam anti-toxins like penicillin. In this lab, the viability of the beta-lactamase catalyst was tried at diverse temperatures. The beginning speculation of the trial was that enzymatic action would increment as temperature expanded, in spite of the fact that at 60 degrees Celsius the chemical would denature. This was somewhat reflected in the information. The chemical did denature at 60 degrees; in

Where kn represents the individual rate constants, E the enzyme, S the substrate, and P the product. When almost none of the product reverts to substrate the rate of the product formation i.e. the catalytic rate, V, is equal to k3 x [ES]. V is defined as the number of moles of product formed per second. Reaction rates are described by the Michaelis-Menton equation, shown in equation 4 (Boon, 2007).

After the substrate solution was added, five drops of the enzyme were quickly placed in tubes 3, 4 and 5. There were no drops of enzyme added in tubes 1 and 2 and in tube 6 ten drops were added. Once the enzyme solution has been added the tubes were then left to incubate for ten minutes and after five drops of DNSA solution were added to tubes 1 to 6. The tubes were then placed in a hot block at 80-90oC for five minutes. They were then taken out after the five minute period and using a 5 ml pipette, 5 ml of distilled water were added to the 6 tubes and mixed by inversion. Once everything was complete the 6 tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested.

In the experiment, it was proven that Tube 13 had the highest enzyme activity condition. The question being asked in this experiment is how does substrate concentration and pH affect enzyme function. It was hypothesized that there will be an optimal condition outside which function is lower. The group predicted that optimal conditions are pH is 7 and substrate concentration is 6 percent. In conclusion, this whole experiment justifies that enzymes are affected by the changes in pH. Where enzymes are most active is where you will find the most favorable pH value. According to the data, the substrate concentration with the highest enzyme activity is the 0 percent H2O2, which has a value of 0.0093. When compared to literature the 6 percent H2O2

The same was repeated by decreasing the volume of substrate added to the assay mixture and replacing the volume with the sodium phosphate buffer. This was repeated for different volumes of the substrates. 0.1ml, 0.07ml, 0.04ml, 0.02ml, 0.01ml, 0.007ml, 0.005ml and 0.002ml of ethanol was used. While for propan-1-ol 0.01ml, 0.025ml, 0.05ml, 0.075ml and 0.1ml was used and 0.1ml, 0.05ml and 0.025ml of propan-2-ol was used.

Also, the enzyme was treated with different urea concentrations before it was added to the assay mixture. The amount of the second and third enzymes was essential. Likewise, this would have had an effect on the rate of the measured aldolase activity. Hence, the concentrations for both enzymes was measured and calculated prior to the experiment whilst preparing the assay mixture. Furthermore, in order to measure thiol group reactivity the base line was adjusted to zero for each cuvette. This was done to make sure that the results were

The purpose of this lab is to examine the specificity of the lactase enzyme to a specific substrate and how it can denature due to the rise in temperature.

Beta-lactam antibiotics include Penicillins and Cephalosporins that contain a chemical structure called a beta lactam ring. This structure is capable of binding to the enzymes that crosslink peptidoglycans. Beta-lactams interfere with cross linking by binding to enzymes preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis.

In my experiment, I want to investigate the rate of reaction with an enzyme, and the enzyme I

The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant.

Beta-lactamases are enzymes that deactivate penicillins by destroying the beta-lactam ring via hydrolysis and are what responsible for allowing bacteria to be resistantant to penicillin.