Bicarbonate Concentration Experiment

In my experiment, I compared if the side of a penny affected how many drops of water it can hold. I took 2 pennies, one on the head and one on the tails. I took a dropper and filled it with water. I then dropped the water onto the penny and counted how many drops of water it could hold until the water went on the paper towel. My hypothesis was that the tail side of the penny could hold more water, and it did. According to my data, the tail side average was about 1 whole drop away from the head average. This means that the tail side could hold more water. The exact average of the head side on the penny was 23 drops. The average of the tail side of the penny is 24.72727273 drops. That was super close. Although I made sure my hand was the same

The spinach plants were hole punched, mixed with 0.2% NaOH and dish detergent, placed in a syringe with the solution to have the oxygen

The purpose of this lab was to see which level of light (measured in lux) made Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) leaf disks float the fastest. Our hypothesis was that an increase in light intensity will decrease the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float. If light intensity is increased, then the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float will be decreased. The mean for the no light (0 Lux) sample and the low light (4 x100 Lux) sample was 1200 seconds with no standard deviation because none of the disks in these two samples floated. The mean and standard deviation for the medium light (110 x100 Lux) was 902 seconds +- 84 seconds. The mean of the high light sample (410 x 100 Lux) was 692 seconds with no standard deviation because only two Spinacia oleracea disks floated so there was no need to measure the variability of the data. The final results indicated that the highest light intensity led to the quickest rise of Spinacia oleracea disks, supporting our hypothesis.

However, this is inconsistent with what we have been taught and with what is written in the textbook. Since the textbook is a more reliable source of information, I must conclude that the reason for this difference in results may be attributed to error on the part of the students conducting the experiment.

My lab partners and I performed an experiment that involved placing spinach disks into separate cups of distilled water (dH2O) and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution to examine photosynthesis in leaf tissue (Department of EEB, 2015). Discovering that the spinach disks quickly floated to the top of the 0.2% NaHCO3 solution and not in dH2O, we wondered if varied concentrations of carbonation would affect the rate of photosynthesis (PS). We tested this by halving the 0.2% NaHCO3 solution (using equal parts dH2O and 0.2% NaHCO3 solution to make 0.1% NaHCO3 solution). I hypothesize that if the spinach disks are placed in the 0.1% NaHCO3 solution, then they will have a slower PS compared to the disks placed in 0.2% NaHCO3. CO2

The result of T-1 and T-2 is different. T-1 does not have any significant change in water level the greatest change was -5cm/h at 4A. Half of locations do not have any change. On the other hand, only 1 location does not have change in the other group’s table. Most of velocities from T-2 are negative. Therefore, the water level is decreasing. No matter the experiment time is almost same (None of data has difference more than 10 minute For example, in T-1, the time in for 1A is 14:39 pm and in T-2, the time in for 1A is 14:33 pm), the result from each table has large difference. I assume the difference cause by having different tide cycle on both days.

The volume and the boiling point of each collected sample was recorded in a table (for Fractions A, B, and C). The data in the table was converted into a graph (both of which are attached to the back of the report). There is, like in all experiments, an ideal set of data. In this experiment, if the distillation for the unknown mixture (which has two compounds) was done properly, the temperature vs. volume graph should show two plateaus for temperature. (See hand drawn graph attached on back). We look at the plateau temperatures because they are essential to find out what the unknown compounds are. This is because the plateau temperatures show us the boiling point ranges for the unknown compounds. In addition, as shown in the table and calculations attached to back, the volume of the collected sample can be utilized to figure out a ratio of the compounds. But, of course, since ideal and pure samples were not collected, the ratios that are calculated are just estimates. There is one plateau for the boiling point of both lower and higher boiling point compounds. The lower boiling point plateau comes first. The transition phase that occurs between the first and second plateaus was collected. This transition phase represented the mixture of the two compounds in the experiment. If the experiment yielded ideal results, sample A would show to be consisted of primarily the lower boiling point compound. This would be the case up to the point when the temperature is raised to match the boiling point of the higher boiling point compound. The compound is sample C. During the experiment this sample was gathered in a falcon tube. But there is some error in my results. Some of the reasons why there was error in the experiment are stated. I boiled Fraction A for too long, the boiling rate was too high, or a combination of these errors occurred. If the boiling rate is too fast, the side arm will heat up as the

A chemical change can be caused by combining two compounds, such as baking soda (NaHCO3) and vinegar (CH3COOH). The change that is taking place is because of the chemical property of reactivity. When these two compounds react CO2 is produced. In this experiment we wanted to see how much baking soda, added to 10mL of vinegar, would cause a film canister rocket to shoot the farthest. I predicted that 10mL of baking soda would shoot the farthest because it would be equal to the amount of vinegar in the canister. The independent variable in this experiment was the amount of baking soda and the dependent variable was how far the lid would shoot.

Interpretation is one of the important steps for a chemical analysis. Upon receiving raw data, anyone whether scientists or non-scientists can give some thoughts about the results, such as the similarity or difference between the values or the connection between measurements. Scientists are believed to give a better interpretation as they are able to recognize a significant difference between raw data and final results. These results, which are mainly based on the mean values, average values, and standard deviations, however, can still be biased and misinterpreted without using appropriate statistical tools, such as the Q test and the Student’s t test. The Q test

The data presented is showing how much bitumen is extracted when different caustic soda amounts are added. It is important to note that in Figure 1, each group recorded that the bitumen took a long time to separate from the oil sand and rise to the top. Furthermore, Figure 1 is able to present every piece of information needed to draw a conclusion about which method is the most efficient. However Figure 2, displays a visual that makes it clear that the 18 drops of caustic soda escalated the amount of bitumen that was able to be removed. From their both Figure 1 and 2 show that there was a gradual decrease in the bitumen extracted as the pH of the water went down apart from one outlier. As Figure 2 depicts, 0 drops of the

The data was organized into two different groups ozonated and control plants with the plants on both greenhouses being numbered 1-12 as shown in fig 3.On the bottom of chart I did calculations for averages, standard deviation and T-test. As shown in Fig. 3 there are 4 zeros on the Ozonated and one zero on control. This was a result of them being duds and not being able to work with them. Looking at how the data in the fig. 5 you see that the control always seems to be one step ahead then the ozonated radishes. Now if we remove the zeros it’s a slightly different story. Looking at figure 4 we see that the average for day 5 that the ozonated radishes has a higher plant average. This is only because with the 4 zeros being removed the 1.1, 1.58, 1.9 all weigh down the average for the whole chart. Also, I noticed that in figure 6 that the gap between the two has shrunken drastically.This is because the four zeros wore down the ozonated bar down compared to only one zero in the control group. Also looking at the t-test it shows that most if not all the data was by chance so this experiment may not be valid at

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

Discussion/Analysis 1. a) The physical properties that I examined in this experiment are state (at room temperature), colour, clarity, and crystal shape. b) The chemical properties that I examined in this experiment are reactivity in water and in acid. 2.

Data: Effect of Solute Concentration on Osmosis in Potato Cells (for the 6 groups of our class)

With a given 9.5x14 chromatography paper, the dots were marked by 3 cm from the edge, 7 cm between 3 cm and 7 cm, and 10 cm between 7 cm to 10 cm within 2 cm from the bottom. Then a line was drawn from the 7 cm dot to the 10 cm dot. With a coin, the spinach leaf was gently rolled over covering the two dots in between 7 cm and 10 cm. With a mortar and pestle, 5 g spinach leaves were ground and poured with 2 g anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 8 mL hexanes, and 2 mL acetones. After the spinach leaves were ground, the mixture of the liquid became green. Then with a capillary tube, the tube was dip into the green mixture and made it into the 3 cm dot created the green spot. After spotting all the dots, a chromatography paper was rolled up into