Breast Cancer : A World Health Problem Essay

When I asked from my classmate more about the Mexican education system , I found out not only both of systems have been similarly syllabus in academic subjects, but also in the items like Average age of teachers, teaching style, number of students in a class, and class atmosphere they are same. Although in non academic subjects, vacation, exam, and physical punishment they are totally different. In the other word, physical punishment is illegal. We don’t have music and dance in our activates, and in Iran education system before university you cannot find test

In summary, the County of Ventura’s CAFR was well organized and could be navigated by all group members with ease. There were no major deviations from the standards outlined in the checklist and no major financial issues that require reporting. The report did reference the bleak local and regional economic outlook that is forecasted for the next fiscal year. It is also readily apparent in the report that the County of Ventura has been seriously impacted by declining property tax revenues and sluggish retail sales. Despite these conditions, the County is well positioned to weather this economic downturn as demonstrated in the financials and the group asserts that the County has sufficient fiscal capacity to maintain services and operations at current levels.

Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)

The breasts are essentially a milk factory. Inside the breasts there are glands called lobules that are responsible for producing the milk. These glands contain branches of little sacs that hold the milk called alveoli. The lobules are positioned around ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Also, a layer of fatty tissue surrounds

A female breast consists of fatty and fibrous connective tissues. The interior of the breast is divided into about twenty different sections called lobes. Each of the lobes is further divided in to lobules, which are structures that contain small milk-producing glands. These glands place the milk into tiny ducts. These ducts take the milk through out the breast and store in a chamber located below the nipple.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the US for women (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics). Even though the diagnosis and treatment of this condition has improved dynamically over the past few decades, it is still one of the leading causes of mortality among the women in USA and all over the world. There are usually four stages of breast cancer (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics).

As the cells change, it begins to divide rapidly causing a tumor to form. The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Breast cancer can begin in different areas of the breast, or in some cases, the tissues in between. There are many different types of breast cancer, including non-invasive, invasive, recurrent, metastatic breast cancer, as well as the intrinsic or molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in around 20-30% of breast cancer tumors. It is associated with a more aggressive disease, higher recurrence rate, and increased mortality.

Such findings, all of which relate to hormone-based life events, suggest that breast cancer is somehow affected by prolonged exposure to female sex hormones, such as estrogen. Women with a history of breast cancer in the family are also at greater risk. About five percent of all breast cancers have been attributed to a mutated, or structurally altered, gene known as BRCA1. Mutations in a second gene, BRCA2, contribute significantly to the development of breast cancer in Jewish women. Alcohol, high levels of fat in the diet, and not exercising regularly have also been linked to increased risk for breast cancer (Garber).

It is the second leading cause of death in the United States, killing thousands of people each year. Cancer has certainly become a growing epidemic in our society, and breast cancer is one of its most prevalent forms. One in nine women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, making it the most common form of cancer in women, and for many of them, this will mark the end of their life. This plague clearly needs to be taken under control, and organizations like the National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations (NABCO) intend to do just that.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women. The main prognostic factor for the condition is tumor characteristics. A tumor with a length larger than 2cm, with negative estrogen and progesterone reports and axillary nodal involvement decreases the patient’s survival rate. Approximately between 8% and 10% of women diagnosed with breast cancer will present a reappearance of cancer and around 15% will later develop distant metastases in other parts of the body.

Breast cancer is a complex disease that will affect around 1 in 9 Canadian women during their lifespan. According to the latest statistics, it is found that around

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death of women, secondary only to heart disease. Breast cancer will affect one of every eight women or approximately 12% of the population. In 2016 there are 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer that will be diagnosed as well as 46,000 cases of breast cancer in situ in women. Additionally, there are 2,600 cases of breast cancer that will be found in men. Breast cancer rates have been decreasing since the year 2000. This is thought to be partially due to increased screening measures as well as discontinuing the use of hormone replacement therapy. There was as positive link established between hormone therapy

In women worldwide, more than 1 million women were diagnosed in 2012, making the breast cancer the most commun cancer (1). In United States, breast cancer represent 29% of new cases expected to be diagnosed in 2015 of all cancer, and is one of the most common cancer diagnosed after skin cancer. It is also unfortunatley the second cause of death cancer within women, and 17% death cases are expected in 2015 for invasive breast cancer (IBC), among the new cases (2). Among the 61% of the breast cancer diagnosed at a confined stage, the 5-year survival rate is up to 99%, whereas it can drops to 25% when metastasis can be seen at time of diagnosis(2). The early detection of breast cancer is made by a clinical breast exam and a mammography for most of women, and has shown to reduce mortality since many years (3) with an incidence rate staying stable among women, which is the results of improvement of technics of detection for early diagnosis and treatement (2).

According to the American Cancer Society, Each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It changes from a normal cell to cancerous cells that require gene alterations. Therefore the altered genes and the uncontrolled growth may lead to tumors.

The prenatal period is the period between conception and birth. During this period it usually takes between 266 days to 288 days. Throughout the prenatal period the child is likely to grow around 20 inches and can weigh an average of seven pounds. Most importantly the prenatal period is divided into three different periods. The first period is the germinal period, which is the shortest period, lasting from conception to the end of the second week. Furthermore, the germinal period is very important, because in this period a linkage is created between the zygote and mother. More importantly, within a few hours after fertilization, mitosis occurs dividing the zygote into 32 different cells. After undergoing mitosis the zygote turns into a blastocyst containing 32 cells. The blastocyst will rapidly grow and will become surrounded with membranes that provide nourishment and protection. The cluster of cells that compose the blastocyst is the inner cell mass, which produces the embryo. The amnion membrane will actually enclose the embryo, while the chorion will form the trophoblast, which will form the placenta. At the very end of the germinal period the inner cell mass will separate into three different layers. The outermost layer is the ectoderm layer, which forms the nervous system. The middle layer, the mesoderm forms the skeletal, circulatory, and muscular systems. The innermost layer is the endoderm, which develops into the digestive tract. In the end the once