The Treatment Of Breast Cancer

Mammography has long been the gold standard in breast health screening. Even with advancements in other diagnostic imaging, mammography remains the only screening tool that is proven to decrease the mortality rate of breast cancer by 15%-35%. Even used alone, it has a sensitivity of 84.9% and a specificity of 90.3%. However, there has been extensive research into improving breast imaging techniques because it has been shown that mammography can miss 10% to 30% of cancers due to dense breast tissue. Currently, ultrasound is the secondary imaging test to follow suspicious findings on mammography. Some facilities are starting to use digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) which is a newer technology that has promising results, especially for women

Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. A mammogram, is a simple test done with x-ray, to screen women for abnormalities of the breast. Over the past six years, the guidelines put out by various healthcare organizations have changed multiple times on when women should begin screening mammograms. Based on statistical data collected by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), 20 percent of women go without a screening mammogram for their own various reasons, of which may be lack of insurance, lack of time or lack of knowledge as to when they should be getting a screening mammogram done due to the recent changes in recommendations. The utilization of annual screening mammograms beginning at age 40 will continue to help reduce the incidence rate of women with breast cancer, or catch it early enough so that treatment can be sought.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women (Macacu, Autier, Boniol & Boyle, 2015). In 2013 in the United State, 40,030 female have lost their life to breast cancer (Bryan, Westmaas, Alcaraz & Jemal, 2014). When women reach the appropriate age for mammogram screening, it should be recommended by their nurse practitioner. Mammogram screening is used to detect early breast cancer and it is the most reliable test that practitioner used to detect breast cancer (Randel, 2016).

Mammography is a series of X-rays that shows images of the soft tissues of the breast. Mammography is a quick, generally painless test that usually takes less than 20 minutes. “The value of mammography is early detection,” states “Harvard Medical School Health Topics A-z.” The also express, “early detection saves lives and, in many cases, also saves the woman’s breast by identifying the cancer at a very early stage when it is most easily treated and is not life threatening.” Some cancers mammography is able to detect are benign, which means, not cancerous, or malignant, cancerous. In 2006 my mother was diagnosed with Breast Cancer at the very young age of 34, younger than the suggested age to start

“A screening mammogram is the best method to detect breast cancer for women over the age of 60.” A screening mammogram is an x-ray of the breast to detect breast cancer symptoms in the early stages. You may ask why it's important? Well the screening mammograms helps find the cancer before it gets into it”s worse stage.It helps the women get back to their normal routines during their daily lives. A mammogram is a way to help women’s health during their lives.

Fortunately, this is where mammograms help out. A Mammogram is an X-ray of the breast which helps to detect any bumps or lumps that present on women’s breasts, which can be an early sign of breast cancer. Mammograms take an image of all of the breast tissue, which allows a radiologist to detect abnormalities on the mammogram. Such detection doesn’t guarantee to cure the patient if she is in an advanced stage of cancer, but it may help reduce the number of deaths from breast cancer for women ages 40 to 69, especially for those over age 50. There are normally two types of mammograms: digital and conventional (film). Digital mammography stores the image directly into a computer whereas conventional (film) mammography produces the image on film. Digital mammography is preferable compared to conventional mammography as health care providers are able to share images globally and patients are exposed to lower doses of radiation.

Mammograms are a test one can have done to see if they have breast cancer. A mammogram is an x-ray picture that can show lumps in one’s breast up to two years before it can be felt (National Cancer Institute.) Mammograms can be very controversial on whether or not they are necessary. Despite having a quick 5-6 minute breast examination at your doctor’s appointment, regular mammogram screening is necessary for discovering the lumps that haven’t progressed enough to detect by touch. Mammograms are able to detect cancer early, and through early detection the patients are able to undergo less invasive treatments and have a better chance at survival. Many find mammograms a waste of time or money because they are getting their breast examined at their doctor’s appointments, but the mammogram is able to detect the cancer sooner than you would by touch. It’s always better to be safe than sorry and in cases like this the sooner you find out, the better.

Mammograms are a test a person can have done to see if they have breast cancer. A mammogram is an x-ray picture that can show lumps in one’s breast two years before it can be felt (National Cancer Society.) Mammograms can be very controversial on whether or not they are necessary. Mammography is very convenient in the way that they are low-dose x-rays which lowers the radiation risks. Also, if you could catch the cancer thru testing, rather than finding out two years later when you feel a lump, why wouldn’t you? It’s always better to be safe than sorry.

The mammogram is the main test recommended by the American Cancer Society to find breast cancer early. This is used to check

Cancer is no longer a death sentence. The number of people who have survived cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Some adult patients have a survival rate of 70% or more, while some pediatric conditions can boast a higher cure rate. To survive this disease, it takes a lot of strength, endurance and courage.

Breast Cancer affects one in eight of American women, and is the second most common cause of cancer death in America. I chose to write my term paper on breast cancer because it is a disease that has effected some members of my family. Due to this possibly inherited condition, I felt that researching the topic would help me learn ways to prevent the disease and educate myself to perform self-exams that may result in early detection.

Because there are other modalities that are available that can not only diagnose breast cancer but can diagnose it better than mammography, these other modalities should be considered before resulting to mammography (Raikhlin et al, 2015; Wise, 2015). A case study was conducted by Raikhlin et al between July 2011 and January 2013. The study selected high-risk women, between the ages of 30 to 69 that underwent screening of breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Mammography. The results of Raikhlin et al.2015 study was that malignancy was diagnosed in 13 patients, and of those 13 cancers 12 were detected by MRI and 4 by mammography. Raikhlin et al research shows that MRI can accurately diagnose breast cancer and can detect more than mammography can, and MRI can provide this diagnosis without exposing the patient to ionizing

Just the idea of a cancer makes people anxious and terrified. There are many different types of cancers, in which are not less dangerous then the other, if not caught on time. Although it is the year 2015 and there has been an extraordinary amount of medical advances in cancer treatment, there is still no cure. This leads to mysterious thoughts of cancer returning, to people all over the world. Cancer in the bones can play an enormous part in other body parts if not caught on time. Cancers such as breast, lung, prostate etc. can call lead to cancer in the bones. This is not necessarily “bone cancer” itself, but for example, if breast cancer is too far advanced, and it reaches the bones, the course of treatment is not changed, because it still looks and acts as breast cancer. This is called metastatic cancer. Although some may confuse cancer in the bones, and bone cancer, bone cancer itself is different. This is often called sarcoma. Along with sarcomas starting in the bone, it can also start in muscles, blood vessels and fibrosis tissue. The primary and most common type of sarcomas is Osteosarcoma.

A modified radical mastectomy – during this procedure, the surgical oncologist removes the entire cancerous breast, the lining that rests above the chest muscles as well as most of the patient’s lymph nodes that are located under her arm. In addition, patients may also need to have a portion of their chest wall muscle removed.