CHAPATER-2 LITERATURE SURVEY Ehsan Rahiminejad and Reza Lotfi (2009) In this paper, we can

This project has many applications and many future expansions and functions that can be added on. By having a variable floating DC power supply, 7Hz-6 KHz function generator, and oscilloscope with leads connecting to any circuit built, the comprehensive hands-on learning tool would be ideal for most DeVry students.

CP3208 devices are successive approximation 12-bit ADC with on-board sample and hold circuitry. The MCP3204/3208 devices operate over a broad voltage range (2.7 V - 5.5 V). Low current design permits operation with typical standby and active currents of only 500 nA and 320 μA, respectively. Fig.3 shows the functional block diagram of MCP3208 ADC. Fig.3 Functional Block Diagram of MCP3208 ADC

A Delta Sigma modulator converts an analog input signal to a Delta Sigma modulated digital bit-stream. A first-order Delta Sigma modulator consists of an analog integrator, a one-bit ADC, and a one-bit digital to analog converter (DAC), as shown in Fig. 2. In the Delta Sigma modulator circuit, the analog input port and the digital output port can use either dual power supplies or a single power supply. To avoid confusion, we use P and N to represent the polarity of the output digital signals. P means a digital positive value “true", while N means a digital negative value “false". We use numbers to represent digital or analog levels. For example, −1 and +1 represent the dual power supply level VSS and VDD, respectively. 0 means analog ground, which is 0 volts in a dual power system.

Large output capacitor is omitted and the area of chip has decreased considerably because it used four 1pF capacitor in frequency compensation circuit. Resultant quiescent current under no loading conditions is 127µA, but because LDO does not need high PSRR under no loading conditions the quiescent current must measure in “standby” mode. Standby mode is defined by the state which the PSRR enhancer are removed under no loading conditions. Hence, the quiescent current is about 60µA in standby mode. Proposed LDO can work for an input voltage range of 1.8V to 2.2V with the dropout of 200mV, as depicted in Fig. 13.

was derived and a relationship between Vinv and Vc was obtained (see Fig. 2). Applying voltage balance

The comparison of above three algorithms for 8, 16 and 32 bit operands with corresponding voltage and frequency are tabulated in table I

IN 1978, as the fever for upset swelled, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini called from outcast in Iraq for Iranians to launch priests from their work places. Shirin Ebadi, then 31 years of age and Iran's first female judge, went along with her partners in storming the workplace of the clergyman of equity. He wasn't there. Rather, the adolescent activists discovered an old judge sitting behind a work area and gazing at them in shock.

Figure.10 (a) Hardware test bench set up (b) Gating pulses for 70 KHz from DSP processor (c) Input voltage and input current waveforms for 230Vrms (d) Input voltage and input current waveforms for 110 Vrms

The U.S. involvement in revoking democratically elected president of Iran Mohammed Mossadeq, restoring the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to power. Mossadeq wanted to nationalize the oil industry while Shah promoted a privatized system. Nationalization would allow Iran, rather than Great Britain, to profit from Iran's natural resource. As a result, the British urged the U.S. to aid the takeover plot.

On October 26, 1919, in Tehran, Iran, a man was born who would change the course of history forever. This man fostered some of the best nationalization policies in his country, in addition to new development programs designed to better the lives of Iranians. His name: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (Encyclopaedia Britannica). In 1979, Pahlavi was exiled from his country because of a political revolution, but it was perhaps his exile more than anything else he did in his life that was the real turning point, mostly due to the rise of Radical Islam that followed shortly after. Reza Pahlavi may not seem like an important figure in history, but his banishment changed the course of history forever.

Asghar Farhadi, an Iranian man, said in an interview with an Australian reporter “It's very difficult to talk about religion in Iran because religion has gotten so mixed up with politics,” (Matini 1). The country of Iran is greatly influenced by religion and government power.

Iranian Mazdean converted to Christianity and then to Islam, a companion of the Prophet Mohammad and faithful disciple of Imam Ali, Salman the Persian (Salman al-Farisi), who was also nicknamed Salman the Pure (Salman Pak in Persian) is a central figure in the history of Islam because of the close ties he had with the Prophet, but also by its influence over many Sufi and mystical currents, as well as the inspiration of Shiite gnosis up to today. Beyond its historical dimension, the character of Salman is also the archetype par excellence of the expatriate and exiled (Gharîb) abandoned any materialistic attachment to go in search of Truth. According to some accounts of the Muslim tradition, he is one of "close to God" (moqarrabûn) and believers

The Religion in Iran, Sunni and Shi'i are the two largest branches of Islam, with the

The mote’s size makes energy management a key component. The circuit will contain circuits, a temperature sensor, and A/D converter, microprocessor, SRAM, communications circuits, and power control circuits. Sensors work together with the IC, which will operate from a power source integrated with the platform.

The output of IC-2 is also used for lighting LED-1 indicating presence of signal. When no signal is available output of sensor module goes high and transistor LED is switched ‘OFF’. When another signal arrives, LED is switched ‘ON’ and through clock pulse at Pin No. 14 of IC-3. This makes the LED to switch ‘ON’ the appliance at first pulse and ‘OFF’ the appliance at its Second pulse arrived at its sensor. Transmitter circuits works satisfactorily with 6-9V DC. Battery but receiver circuits needs 6V regulated supply. The CAMD CM8870/70C provides full DTMF receiver capability by integrating both the band-split filter and digital decoder functions into a single 18-pin DIP, SOIC,or 20-pin PLCC package. The CM8870/70C is manufactured using state-of-the-art CMOS process technology for low power consumption (35mW, MAX) and precise data handling. The filter section uses a switched capacitor technique for both high and low group filters and dial tone rejection. The