Can Physical Warmth Influence One 's Interpersonal Judgements Of Other People?

If I was doing this study, my hypothesis would be that “people, who receive an aversive stimulus every time they give an incorrect answer, will try harder to get the correct answer than those who do not receive anything”. My independent variables, which are the variables that researcher manipulates, would be the electric shocks and the emotional motivation; and my dependent variable, which is the variable that is tested and measured, would be the members’ results.

Rowe begins his article by telling the type of theory he will be using to analyze, “contact hypothesis.” This theory is

The Hot/Cold Theory involves two systems that control behavior according to a “hot” emotional system designed for quick responding to a situation and responding almost reflexively; and a “cool” system designed for complex thought that can be slower and more strategic but with little to no emotion, so it helps with self-control and self-regulation.

Do you like certain people more than other? Do you love a song and humming it after you hate it? Do choose your same dish every time you go to your favorite restaurant? In the article “To know me is to like me I: Mere exposure’, Art Markman presents a psychological phenomenon known as mere exposure effect which is when people tend to like things that are familiar to them rather than the unfamiliar one. In my view, unfamiliar things like places, surroundings, music, food etc. can have strong effect than a familiar one, and it makes us feel less comfortable, but still it is new experiences.

17. What is Drive Reduction theory (formulated by Clark Hull, Donald Hebb and others)? What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law? What does it predict as the optimal conditions for performance? What are approach-approach conflicts? Approach-Avoidance conflicts? Avoidance-Avoidance conflicts?

McNulty, J. K., Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2008). Beyond initial attraction: Physical

In Love 2.0, Barbara Fredrickson stands by the belief that her improved definition love does not have to happen in close relationships, and can happen anywhere, between anyone. This essay will seek to explore the extent to which close personal relationships influence positivity resonance - a better measure of love - by analyzing the documented experiments and research found in the selection.

In a study done by Nicolas Guéguen, he was determined to find out whether or not pleasant odors played a part in prosocial behavior. He based his research off of other similar research that was previously conducted, but Nicolas was specifically interested in ambient odors and spontaneous helping behavior “without any romantic connotation” (Guéguen, 2012). He expected to find some type of influence regarding odor.

Berkeley holds the belief that the sensation of heat and cold is mind-dependent. In other words, Berkeley argues the belief that when a person touches a fire and feels pain, the pain is constructed in the person and not within the fire. Mind-dependent defined in terms of Berkeley's argument, are the qualities that only exist in the mind, without a perceiver they would not exist, and even when perceived they only exist in the mind. Berkeley argues his belief that the sensation of heat and cold is mind-dependent through the means of three premises. The first premise being that the sensation of extreme heat is a kind of pain.

Research, systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge, is a central ingredient of the scientific method in psychology. It provides the key to understanding the degree to which hypotheses (and the theories behind them) are accurate. Just as we can apply different theories and hypotheses to explain the same phenomena, we can use a number of alternative methods to conduct research.

Imagined contact has exhibited advantageous influences in varied intergroup contexts by altering attitudes. It is also not opportunity dependent and can also reduce anxiety (Turner et al, 2007). However, a significant limitation to consider is imagined contact may not be as powerful or long lasting as direct contact. Direct experiences may trigger stronger attitudes; given imagined contact does not require direct experiences we might assume weaker, more temporary effects. Fazio et al (1983) produced a model proposing attitudes guiding behaviours. Participants pressed ‘like’ or ‘dislike’ keys indicating their feelings towards 100 familiar products. Questionnaires also rated their attitudes, followed by choosing five products from ten alternatives.

Another factor in interpersonal attraction is Reciprocity, this is the tendency to be attracted to people who like us and tend to be less attracted to those individuals that dislike us. In a study carried out by Dittes & Kelley (1956) the findings show that participants conformed more when told ‘other group members like you’ in comparison when told ‘other group members dislike you’. People who have the tendency to have low self-esteem or are highly insecure concerning interpersonal relationships have a greater need for positive feedback from others around them, in order to form close interpersonal relationships.

Psychologists Chen-Bo Zhong and Geoffrey Leonardelli from the University of Toronto wanted to analyze the idea that social exclusion generates a physical response of coldness. In 2008, they did just that by carrying out an experimental study to address two questions in two different experiments; whether recall of a specific (social exclusion) event influences the feeling of physical coldness. The second experiment is based on the hypothesis of the first, given that coldness leads to the liking for warm or cold food. The present paper examines whether or not notions such as “cold and lonely” are expressions that can be applied to reality and not just an abstract illustration. Empirical evidence is adequately provided supporting the

Another similar theory proposed by Patterson in 1982 deals with providing information, regulating interaction, and expressing intimacy. “However, Patterson (1982) also proposed two other functional categories, social control and service-task functions, neither of which is identified in the earlier classification systems” (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). The main function, and more readily accepted is social control. Social control, or attempting to change the behavior of another, is unique because it describes a motivational contrast with the function of intimacy (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). Intimacy, or the underlying affectionate reaction towards another, also deals with negative and positive reactions. The positive affect could result in concern for, liking, love, or interest in another; however, the negative ends results in dislike or hate (Edinger and Patterson, 1983, p 31). “…The social control function is characterized by independence of affect and nonverbal behavior…in some cases the real affect is opposite to the affect represented behaviorally; for example, when smiling at, gazing at, and standing close to a disliked superior to win favor with that person”(edinger and Patterson, 1983, p. 31). In this case, by standing close, smiling at and gazing at a disliked superior the person is using intimacy to gain

The personal characteristic, preferences and environment play a role in creating an interpersonal attraction towards opposite sex. It will be a major determinant the first time two people see each other and eventually how they feel to each other. The interpersonal attraction will surely affects the interaction of two people from opposite sexes.