Cardiovascular Disease Research Paper

Cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation are common in older adults. So common that atrial fibrillation, which can be described as an irregular heart rhythm, affects more than 1.5 million Americans over the age of 65” (). Common treatments for cardiovascular disorders are anticoagulants and antihypertensive; our 75-year-old patient is currently on both classes of medications. She is on an antihypertensive that can be sub-classified as a diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide (). Hydrochlorothiazide reduces fluid accumulation in the body by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to reabsorb sodium in the renal tubular system resulting in the increased production of urine. The elevated concentration of sodium in the renal system

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in men and women. Approximately 47% of Americans have one of the three leading factors of heart disease which are high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking (Heart Disease Facts, 2015). Although high cholesterol is not a modifiable risk, high blood pressure and smoking as well as being overweight, obese, having a poor diet, physical inactivity and excessive alcohol use are modifiable.

I am debating on multiple cardiovascular related diseases. The ones I am most interested in are coronary artery disease, CHF, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Is any of these diseases acceptable for this paper? Also, I have researched all of them and I am having trouble finding references that are .gov or .edu related. I have used the library source, TEL, and PubMed. Do you have any other suggestions?

Spinning often involves quick changes between low-intensity and high-intensity movement, increasing and decreasing your heart rate as you go. This activity helps to strengthen your heart and decrease your blood pressure over time. By spinning for 45 to 60 minutes at a steady pace, or alternating between high and low intensities, you will get an incredible cardiovascular workout that is beneficial to your short- and long-term health.

Obesity or Being Overweight - High blood pressure is like a magnet for overweight or obese people, and can really do damage if it's not properly controlled. In fact, with the high amount of foods that we consume from fast food chains and other places can cause a very large risk for high cholesterol. Saturated

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), also known as heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the Center for Disease Control, over 600,000 people in the United States die a year from CVD which accumulates to one in four deaths each year (CDC, 2014). Despite the significant number of deaths, progress has been made over the past 50 years to define, identify, and modify risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CDC, 2014). These risk factors are hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, type two diabetes, cigarette smoking, and of course, physical inactivity. CVD It includes several problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. “Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. The buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow. This can cause a heart attack or stroke” (American Heart Association, 2013). Other types of CVD are heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart valve problems. Heart disease can increase a person’s risk for developing other diseases and can even lead to death.

Risks are great when it comes to cardiovascular disease. Men and women alike share these risks. Women stand a bigger chance of dying from a heart attack, and are likely to have another attack within six years of having the first one. They also have more petite hearts and coronary vessels. This can prove to be more arduous in surgery. It is important to know the differences in how and why women are affected by the disease. Cardiovascular disease usually occurs in women about a decade later than men do. The explanation for this is that they receive effects from estrogen that is used for protection. Due to this not occurring till later in life other disorders have come in to play such as diabetes. This could complicate matters even

Having understood what cardiovascular disease is and why it is statistically emerging, discussion of symptoms and treatment options is possible. Firstly, symptoms to cardiovascular disease include; chest pain, shortness of breath and fainting, pain/weakness or pains in legs. If these symptoms are present it is recommended that a doctor must be advised. Fainting and pain/weakness in the legs and arms are a result of the left ventricle not being able to push out enough blood to the bodies extremities and the brain. There are a lot of factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease. Being overweight/obese, physically inactive, having a poor diet, smoking tobacco, consuming excessive amounts of alcohol and high blood pressure and cholesterol are

Eventually there are many risk factors for heart disease. But some risk factors for heart disease are under our control and some are not. Coronary

Heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. and the world. It is also a major cause of disability. There are many different forms of heart disease. Many people have permanent heart damage or die because they don't get help immediately. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself. This is called coronary artery disease and happens slowly over time. It's the major reason people have heart attacks.Other kinds of heart problems may happen to the valves in the heart, or the heart may not pump well and cause heart failure. Some people are born with heart disease. Each year over a million people in the U.S. have a heart attack;

The most common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are cigarette smoking, high serum cholesterol levels, inflammatory disease, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and psychosocial stress.

Cardiovascular risk factors can be placed into two groups. There are non-modifiable risk factors such as age, gender, and family history. These factors are considered to be non-modifiable as there is nothing that can be done to change them. The second group consists of modifiable risk factors which can be further divided into biomedical, behavioural, and psychosocial risk factors. Biomedical risk factors include: hypertension, dislipidaemia, being overweight or obese, diabetes, and renal disease. Behavioural risk factors include: smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, and excessive alcohol consumption. And finally, psychosocial risk factors include: depression, anxiety, social isolation, and stress.

Heart disease is still the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States, despite all efforts to educate people on how it can be prevented. The most common cause of heart disease is coronary artery disease, a condition wherein the blood vessels in the heart become narrowed and stiff, leading to damage of the heart muscle. Although heart disease is more common among elderly individuals, studies show that it develops even during early and mid-adulthood. Aside from aging and genetic factors, other factors that significantly increase one’s risk of developing heart disease include smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle.

Stress- Psychological or environmental stress play a part in the causes of hypertension. Direct effects of situations such as poverty, unemployment and poor education (stressors) are involved, as are other aspects of lifestyle that are linked to hypertension.

Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, arrhythmia and heart valve issues (AHA, 2014). Risk factors for heart disease are divided into three categories: major risk factors, modifiable risk factors and contributing risk factors. Major risk factors including increasing age, a majority of heart disease related deaths are those 65 or older. Males have a higher risk of developing heart disease, this is a pattern I was able to track in my own family. Heart disease is also found to be hereditary, those with parents or other blood related family members with heart disease have a higher chance of having the disease themselves. Ethnicity can play a role too, as heart disease is more common in Mexicans and African Americans than it is in caucasians.