Care of Child with Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that numerous individuals around the world suffer from; it is an intellectual disability that is caused by having one too many chromosome 21 copies, trisomy 21. The average person has two copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, whereas, an individual with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This happens when either the sperm or egg cell undergoes atypical cell division during development. In the United States, there are approximately 400,000 individuals who have been diagnosed with Down syndrome, according to the last census in 2012 (National Down Syndrome Society).

Answer: The most common form of Down syndrome is known as Trisomy 21, a condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. This is caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction, which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21 before or at conception. To the genes when the cell division occurs is when the extra chromosome goes to find a cell and attaches

One of the most common genetic birth defects is Down syndrome which is a congenital disorder caused from a chromosome defect. It causes impairments and physical abnormalities. This is a condition where a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), 1 in 700 babies are born with DS. There is not an exact cause of how DS happens but there is an explanation as to what happens. When there is any case of reproduction, genes from both parents are passed to the children. Within these genes there are chromosomes and the child is supposed to receive 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 total. Children with DS end up with 3 copies or an extra partial copy of chromosome 21 instead of 2

Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome of 21 in the children’s cell. Normally people have 46 chromosomes, however down syndrome contains 47 chromosomes. (Nhs.uk, 2016i)

A child that is born with Down syndrome has a condition called trisomy 21. The term trisomy is described as the chromosomal error that results in a specific chromosome to have three copies. Therefore, in a case of Down syndrome, there are three copies of chromosome 21 in their DNA. A child with Down syndrome has a higher risk of hearing loss, heart abnormalities, and hypothyroidism.

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a normal human cell. Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome occurs when there is a third copy of chromosome 21 and causes malformation in body and brain development. Giving birth to a child with down syndrome increases as the mother ages. The odds of having a child with trisomy 21 are 1 in 1000 for women under the age of 35. This increases to 1 in 200 for women 35 and older. Thus, while not completely avoidable, it is best to have children while the mother is still under 35 to allow the child to be less likely to be born with down syndrome.

Down syndrome is characterized by three different types: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. The cause of Trisomy 21 is

There are 3 types of Downs syndrome, translocation; standard trisomy 21 and mosaicism. Translocation is caused when a piece of chromosome 21 is located on another chromosome such as chromosome 14. The person with Translocation Trisomy 21 will have 46 chromosomes but will have the genetic material of 47 chromosomes. The person with Translocation Trisomy 21 will exhibit all the same characteristics of a person with Standard Trisomy 21 since they have three copies of chromosome 21. Translocation occurs between 3% and 5% of cases of Down syndrome. Standard trisomy 21 is the most frequent form of downs syndrome. Those affected by trisomy 21 will have 47 chromosomes in every cell as opposed to 46 like normal. Mosaicism is similar to standard trisomy

In Down syndrome, a person most often inherits two copies of chromosome 21 from the mother and one chromosome 21 from the father for a total of three chromosomes 21. If a baby inherits the chromosome with the extra genes from chromosome 21, then the child will have Down syndrome. About 2% to 4% of people with Down syndrome inherit additional genes from chromosome 21, but not in every cell of the body. These individuals may, for example, have inherited extra genes from chromosome 21 in their bone marrow causing an abnormal increase rate of blood cell production which is the cause of Leukemia Cancer. (Schainman 36)

There are three types of Down syndrome trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation and mosaicism. Trisomy 21 is caused by an error in cell division which is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction results when the embryo gets three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This usually occurs at or prior to conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the sperm or the eggs fails to separate. Since this occurs so early on, the extra chromosome is then replicated in every cell of the body. This type of Down syndrome accounts for 95% of cases (“What”). Translocation accounts for about 4% of cases. In this types the total number of chromosomes in the cells remain 46, but an additional full or partial copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome

It is not sex-linked, (tending to be associated with one sex or the other), and it is a dominant, (most important, powerful, or influential), because if one of the parents has it it will be passed on to the child. In this error an extra copy of chromosome 21 is made. Yes, when the nondisjunction (error in cell division) happens it causes the offspring of the parents to have an extra chromosome 21 and become a Down Syndrome patient. It is not more common for one race. It happens to one in every 700 babies in the

Down syndrome is a disorder that affects the 21st chromosome, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities. There are three different types of Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism. About 90-95% percent of people with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21. Trisomy 21 is when an extra copy of the 21st chromosome is formed. Translocation is when a part of the 21st chromosome is broken off and attaches itself to another chromosome. Mosaicism is when only some of the cells in the body are affected by Trisomy 21. Down syndrome can cause delayed development, upturned eyes, a learning disability, s short stature, a speech delay, a simian crease, and a displacement of the tongue.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. There are three genetic variations that cause Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Trisomy 21 or Translocation Trisomy 21. There are many ways in which theses disorders affect the body.  Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated in every single cell of the embryo. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. About 92% of Down syndrome patients have this type. People with Trisomy usually have physical problems.

There are three different types of Down’s Syndrome; Trisomy 21, the most common form of Down’s Syndrome, where an extra copy of chromosome 21 exists in every cell. In Mosaicism, there is an extra copy of chromosome in some of the cells, these children often present with fewer symptoms. And lastly, Translocation, where there is an extra segment attached to chromosome 21 itself, often only affects one set of chromosomes.

A chromosomal disorder is caused by an abundance or reduction of genes on the chromosomes. This type of disorder may also be caused by structural changes within these chromosomes; this is known as an aneuploidy (Porth, 2015). The most common chromosomal disorder is Down syndrome of which there are three types: complete trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism (Porth, 2015). Since its first identification in 1866, researchers have become more knowledgeable about the etiology of Down syndrome. When one studies etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Down syndrome, he or she will begin to understand multiple chromosomal disorders.