Carl Rogers’ humanistic beliefs and his accomplishments are what made him prominent in the world of psychology. Carl Rogers was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois in 1902. He originally wanted to major in agriculture, but later shifted towards religion. Rogers spent two years at a liberal Protestant seminary in New York and then transferred to Columbia University Teacher’s College. He received his Master’s in 1928 and his P.h.D in clinical psychology in 1931. In 1930, he became the director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The humanistic ideas of Carl Rogers is what differentiates him from other psychologists. Carl strongly believed in Abraham Maslow’s idea of self-actualization. Self-actualization is the idea that there is a stage in a person’s life where they realize all of their greatest talents while still being aware of their limitations. …show more content…
For Carl’s work with client-centered therapy, he was awarded the first “Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award” in 1956 by the American Psychological Association (Kirschenbaum, 2004). Carl also published books based on his theory of Personality Development. According to Rogers, each person can continuously grow and develop. A person's self-esteem and self-actualization is constantly influenced. This development can only be achieved through unconditional positive regard. Some popular books that Carl has published are The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child (1939), Counseling and Psychotherapy (1942), Client-Centered Therapy (1951), and Psychotherapy and Personality Change (1954). Rogers established a counseling center and published his research in Client-Centered Therapy and Psychotherapy and Personality Change. Carl Rogers was also well known for his work with the American Association of Orthopsychiatry and the American Association of Social Workers, according to Morgan
Freud’s view of human nature from a psychoanalytical stand point was he believed that the contents of an individual’s matters consciousness were determined by psychological, individual and biological motivations Freud, S. (2001).. His worldviews presented interpretations of who the individual was, where they came from, and what their destiny was. On the other hand, Rogers believed the psychoanalytical view humans as never free from primitive passions, childhood fixations, and only the product of powerful biological drives was not flexible enough. Rogers’s foundation of
In Spite of Watson. Most Rogers’s achievements can be seen as a result of Watson’s “negative” view on psychology. After observation had been established, Carl Rogers decided to take a more optimistic approach,
Person Centred Counselling was developed by Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987), a leading American psychologist who was along with Abraham Maslow a major theorist of Humanistic Therapy which developed in the 1950. It is sometimes called the third force distinct from psychoanalyzes and behaviourism. It proposed that therapy could be simpler, warmer and more optimistic and that the client himself has the solution to his difficulties and can access this deeper
“Rogers is seen by many as one of the foundational thinkers in the development of human psychology,
Another strong influence of Rogers' model was Maslow's theory of self- actualisation. Maslow (1943) believed people are motivated to achieve certain needs that are not related to rewards. He developed a theory that people strive to ‘self-actualise’, to become the best they can be.
Before looking at the latter 3 in more detail, it is important to understand Carl Rogers’s view of the person and perhaps what is ultimately bringing the client to therapy. Carl Rogers believed that there is incongruence between the self that is the actualisation part, that has a desire to grow, is open to experiencing in the moment and ultimately psychological well being and the actual experience of the self. He believed this effect was caused
Rogers seems therefore to be describing an emotional consequence resulting from what the behaviourist BF Skinner called positive and negative conditioning. He conceptualised Conditions of Worth as the limited ways in which a person could see him- or herself as being valued. The formulation was also influenced by psychoanalyst Erik Erikson and his ideas of the early stages of development. Rogers asserted that the child who learns trust and a sense of personal control are more likely to have a sense of self agency and robustness in the face of later difficulties. This comes about when conflicts find a successful resolution leaving both parties emotionally respected and intact. Thus Rogers’ more developed model of how a child is socially instructed can encompass concepts such as shame (Psychoanalysis), Modelling (Albert Bandura) and ideas of Internalization, amongst many others, and as such is more of a meta- model of growth of the personality.
Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers are two psychologists who developed theories on personalities. Sigmund Freud was known as the “Father of Psychoanalysis” and his well known theory stated that nearly all psychological issues went back to a sexual problem. Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who researched the personality theory in the notion of the self or the self concept.
Carl R. Rogers constructed the person-centered theory by his influences of Elizabeth Davis and Frederick Allen who studied under Jessie Taft as well as Otto Rank and John Dewey (Patterson, 2007; Walsh, 2010). Influenced by Jessie Taft, Rogers adopted an optimistic view of people, individuals are capable of recreating themselves and are not the end products of their past (Patterson, 2007; Walsh, 2010). Otto Rank advocated that treatment of a client be centered around that client and that therapist be more emotionally involved within the process. Third Rogers was influenced by John Dewey who helped him understand and develop his position that self-actualized people live in harmony rather then conflict
For instance, Rogers (1965) devoted much of his work and writing to the uniqueness of ordinary people in the psychology of science. As such, he interrogated the place of the individual person in life through a series of thought-provoking psychological dissertations. For instance, he challenged the role of the American Association of Humanistic Psychologists in enhancing an educational atmosphere that would create a philosophy of life that transcends time and one that infuses the true value of living. Likewise, Wertheimer (1938) advanced the principle of the Gestalt Theory, which further interrogates the essence of life and living within the science of psychology. Indeed, both Rogers and Wertheimer seem to concur with the arguments of psychologists such as William James who placed more value and emphasis on the human value. For instance, he called on the need to look more deeply in the human mind and to report what lies in there. Indeed, this is statement concurs with Roger’s and Wertheimer’s convictions that the human mind is a fundamental tool in psychological sciences and which holds the magical key of introspection. Eventually, it emerges that the individual person holds much of the power to affect their life experiences with aspects such as joy, pain, and sorrow and the
Humanist Carl Rogers developed a theory that saw behavior motivated by what he called the actualizing tendency, the desire to preserve and enhance oneself through self-actualization. While persuing self- actualization we engage in the valuing process, where we go through various experiences that either enhance oneself and are valued as good, or, bad experiences not enhancing oneself which are avoided. Hence, how we handle this process relies on two interacting factors: the organism, our total perception of our experiences, and, the self, our image of ourselves. A major decisive factor is childhood experience and the positive regard that is engrossed. Rogers also developed a technique called client-centered therapy. In an accepting atmosthere the patient confronts inconsistent feelings and experiences, where self and organism are brought back into congruence. Now free from their troubles they can proceed with
It is inevitable that in psychotherapy there are numerous theories. Theories arise out of scholarly investigations of ideas on human behavior. Human behavior is an extraordinarily interesting subject and therefore produces a plethora of ideas from a variety of theorists. These theorists are influenced by their education, culture, and time period. One influential theorist is Carl Rogers. His contributions to human behavior have changed many of the theories that preceded him, and his theory contributed to many theories that followed.
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“Rogers described himself as shy, solitary, dreamy, and often lost in fantasy” (Schultz & Schultz, 1998, p. 310). This loneliness like Jung reflected in his work. That feeling led him to depend on his own experiences and not those of others.
Moving to Wisconsin was in many ways a disaster. Rogers’ vision of psychology and psychiatry holding hands was never fulfilled and he was quickly at odds with several of his new colleagues, especially in the Psychology Department. So great were the conflicts that in the end Rogers resigned from the department, although he continued to work with the Psychiatric Institute. The powerful desire to be more influential which took Rogers back to University of Wisconsin was in no way fulfilled by the work he did there. Yet it was his fifth book, On Becoming a Person, published in 1961 that, almost overnight, he became more famous and influential than he had ever hoped for. The book broke free from the professional world of psychology and showed that client-centered principles could be applied in almost every facet of day-to-day living. He went to Wisconsin to make an impact and failed, but then he wrote a book and discovered that he was suddenly influential beyond his wildest dreams. In 1963 he resigned from the University of Wisconsin. The extraordinary success of On Becoming a Person gave him the confidence to set out on a riskier path. When Richard Farson, one of his former students, invited him in the summer of 1963 to join him and others at the recently created Western Behavioral Sciences Institute Rogers initially hesitated. Rogers later accepted the offer and set out for La Jolla in California to join WBSI, a non-profit-making organization concerned chiefly with humanistic