Case Study

Managing a Bank crisis is one of the most difficult tasks of a regulator. Banks and financial institutions had to take counter measures in order to survive and remain competitive. Efficient regulatory framework identifies the benefits of a sustainable financial system. It helps the organizations to work efficiently, objectively and the country will have transparent markets. Regulatory system is open minded to the needs of investors when implementing directions to curtail regulations for certain types investment related products and services. It also maintains accountability with respect to market participants and policy makers.

George Z. Peng and Paul W. Beamish wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to

Elizabeth Gray prepared this case under the supervision of Elizabeth M.A. Grasby solely to provide material for class discussion.

One of the principal functions of financial oversight authorities in achieving a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system is to regulate and supervise various financial entities. But following the crisis of 2007, regulatory authorities in the whole world were engaged in a fundamental reconsideration of how they approach financial regulation and supervision. Performing these functions through micro- prudential regulation and supervision of banks, holding companies, their affiliates and other entities, including nonbank financial companies, proved to be insufficient to ensure and maintain financial stability of a country, union or the world as a whole.

* “The management system that was in place was one woman who magically kept everything in her head. There was limited and almost incomprehensible formal system.” Sarah Arthur, the company’s accountant, had complete autonomy over the company’s information, and she kept this information private.

The existing literature mainly views firms’ political connections as investment projects creating value for their shareholders. Previous studies document multiple benefits received by firms from their ties to politicians. Politically connected firms have lower transaction costs (Yang, 2013), receive tax benefits (Adhikari, Derashid, and Zhang, 2006) and have access to government resources such as contracts and relief funds (Faccio, Masulis, and McConnell, 2006; Blau, Brough, and Thomas, 2013; Brogaard, Denes, and Duchin, 2015). Firms with connections to politicians are also perceived to be less risky by partners and investors (Claessens, Feijen, and Laeven, 2008; Boubakri et al., 2012).

Economists throughout the world have agreed that there is a need of regulation of the financial system in its entirety. This is because, as the financial crisis from 2008 has shown, the micro orientated regulation measures do not suffice. They neglect the build-up of systemic risk and the interconnections within the financial system, which have shown to lead to the amplification of the effects of shocks. Therefore, as a complement to the microprudential framework, a new type of regulation tools is being developed- macroprudential. It aims to prevent the accumulation of systemic risk and improve the stability of the financial system.

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Basel III is a set of proposed changes to international capital and liquidity requirements and some other related areas of banking supervision. It is the second major revision to an original set of rules, now known as Basel I, which was promulgated by the Basel Committee in 1988. The committee was established in the mid‐1970’s, after the failure of a small German bank (Herstatt) sent shudders through the global financial system as a result of poor coordination between national regulators. The Basel Committee is composed of banking regulators from a number of industrialized countries, with a core membership concentrated in the traditional banking powers within Europe, plus the US and

The 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and its aftermath had critically damaged the world economy with a drag in global economic growth. Indubitably, the imprudence in which banks managed their risks and capital holdings were among reasons that caused the crisis. It raised the need for industry reform, leading to G20’s Basel III proposal in 2010 to strengthen the global capital framework by imposing stricter rules regarding capital and liquidity requirements, as well as a focus on transparency, consistency and quality.

The year 2008 saw the world usher a new era in the role of central banks in protecting the economy. Banks were increasingly coming under pressure following the collapse of the subprime mortgage market in the US and resulting contagion across the globe. The result was a widespread crisis of a global proportion (Atkinson, Luttrel & Rosenblum 2011).

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