Catastrophism And Uniformitarianism In Dating Earth

First the European thinkers in the past centuries believed that Earth was God’s creation and that the Earth had been created in 4004B.C. They believed that Earth was about 5,500 to 6000 years old. Two most common perspectives of the history of the Earth in the 17th and 19th centuries are catastrophism and uniformitarianism. In the late seventeenth many groups believed that the Earth has been affected in the past by sudden violent event.One example that catastrophists used as evidence of the process of catastrophic destruction was Noah’s flood. A new concept, known as uniformitarianism , replaced catastrophism. James Hutton proposed an opposing, infinite cycle on natural history and not on the Bible. He thought that Earth was much older that

Many Christians believe that the age of the earth is a side issue, of non doctrinal importance, that one can believe in an old or young universe. The Christian apologist William Lang Craig believes that it hurts Christianity when Christians hold to a young earth position (Craig holds to a local flood as many other Christian apologist and Christian). The reason they give is that it is not scientifically possible, others have posited that it hurts the gospel message. Others have said young earth believers unwittingly damage Christianity 's

1. Uniformitarianism is the theory that the Earth has remained the same, or uniform, over hundreds of millions of years. With that uniformity of the rocks and sediments in the layers of the Earth, we can trace these geological principles back to the habitats of dinosaurs because we can understand that the rocks they may have walked on, are the same rocks we see today. This helps explain the findings of fossils; archaeologists often find fossils whether it be a leaf or carbon-print of a dinosaur bone in rocks that are hundreds of millions of years old. Thus justifying uniformitarianism and how Earth has stayed uniform after all these years and we are able to find dinosaur bones and remains from our planet that is extremely aged.

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One of the main focuses of society that advocates totalitarianism is uniformity. A society such as this works towards uniformity by oppressing its population’s individuality and promotes a standardized environment. In this environment citizens are restricted in every way of life to ensure that no one has more

In chapter seven, one learns that cosmic geography as how people visualize the shape and structure of the world around them. Walton go on to discuss the cosmos and how the people of the ANE viewed the makeup of the cosmos and he compares structure versus function. Walton first discusses the structure of the heavens: the sky, the weather and waters above, and the celestial bodies. The heavens were primarily the place where the gods dwelt. The sky function is to hold back the waters above, the waters above are held back by the sky, the celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, planets, and stars are entities of the sky, functioning likewise with the distinction of the moon.

“Cosmic geography concerns how people envision the shape and structure of the world around them.” Walton makes it known of our current understanding of the cosmos, and how it "puts us at a relatively insignificance in the vastness" This allow us to understand the weather and times. Walton gives a breakdown of the different matter that make up the cosmic, and how it works . It is physical and material and works by the physical properties and the laws of motion. We learn that It has taken many centuries to understand this through science. At the same time, however in the ancient world they hadn’t developed the understanding we have today of our world around us. Walton views of the ancient world seem to be that, they worked off of what they saw and by chance form an opinion of how things worked. We learn that without a God to lead them it gave them a scent of loss and it left their surroundings in the hands of the gods. Walton tell of the heavens and that this is where the gods lived, he goes on to say that it is many levels of heavens exist based on the hierarchical position within the pantheon. The sky is what separated the earth and the heavens. He tell the works of the mountains, and how they helped hold the sky up. In this chapter we get a lesson on the working of the cosmic. The water from above was protected with the sky, so when the sky opened up, it flooded. In his book the write allow the his reader to get a view of the placement

Over time, Earth’s process had to have changed at some point. The Earth’s changing process hasn’t just effected the landforms and natural features, but also the populations organisms living here. These drastic processes have caused landform changes, climate changes, and natural disasters.

The Queensland Theatre Company’s rendition of ‘The Wider Earth’ was a highly captivating piece of theatre, which recounted the scientific visionary, Charles Darwin’s voyage on the HMS beagle. Through the extensive manipulation of dramatic languages, in which ritualistic movement, characterisation, tension of relationship, and symbolism were all employed in order to achieve the company’s artistic director, Sam Strong’s aims to have “the cast beautifully transform the various historical and fictional characters into three dimensional human beings.”

Near surficial bedrock of the Edmonton area is Late Cretaceous sedimentary rock containing The Belly River Formation, Bearpaw Formation, and The Edmonton Formation. These groups are grey to green clastic sedimentary rocks ranging from siltstone to sandstone, with local carbonaceous shale and ironstone deposits. Glacial activity during the Pleistocene Epoch covered the region for at least two separate periods of time. The final glacial advance taking place 25 000 to 30 000 years ago and retreated completely by 9 000 years ago. After its retreat, a series of glacial deposits were left overlying the bedrock as ground moraine till. The higher relief locales were overlain with a thick (40-150ft) layer of hummocky moraine as seen at the Prominence

In the article “Interpreting The Day the Earth Stood Still for Contemporary Film Audiences,” written by Joshua Pardon, the author reviews the original 1950s films “The Day the Earth Stood Still,” which was directed by Robert Wise and based on Harry Bates’ 1940 short story “Farwell to the Master.” In the introduction, Pardon states, “clearly, this film was trying to communicate many messages to the American film audience of 1951: a warning about the societal costs of atomic technology, an early attempt at criticizing the mass media, a disturbingly ambiguous commentary on militarism” (pg.142). He then goes on to explain how you can use the film and apply it to our society today with topics such as, the media, military and science. Pardon then

Earth: Vertumnus and Pomona is an oil painting made by artist Francois Boucher in 1749. Francois received commission in 1748 from the Director of Royal Departments to paint four paintings that represented the four elements. In this picture, Vertumnus and Pomona are surrounded by flowers, trees, and fruit, which represents the Earth. Pomona, a beautiful nymph that lived in the forest and grew fruit trees, did not respond to men that tried to woo her. Demi – Gods Picus and Silvanus had both tried to come on to Pomona, but they then started to fight and Pomona fled. She then built a wall around where her trees grew to keep anymore male divinities from coming onto her.

11,700 years ago the geological epoch the Holocene was thought to of began following the Pleistocene epoch, together these time periods make up the Quaternary period. The Holocene has been described as being relatively warm and with a fairly stable climate. Not only this, but it is thought to coincide with the start of agriculture as human populations rose throughout the Holocene technology became more sophisticated aiding the rise of agriculture (Holden, 2012). The early anthropogenic hypothesis was published in 2003 by Professor W.F. Ruddiman, this was a three part hypothesis in which Ruddiman proposed humans reversed natural decreases in CO2 values within the atmosphere by deforestation. That they reversed natural methane decreases after 5,000 years by irrigating rice, they also caused a warming sufficient to prevent a new glaciation within the last several thousand years and during the Holocene (Ruddiman 2005). This hypothesis has attracted a lot of attention with many people both supporting it and criticising it. Throughout this essay I will be exploring the many arguments for and against the early anthropogenic hypothesis and stating whether or not human kind could have prevented the start of an ice age during the Holocene.

When we think of history, we think of important people, places, cultures, events, and much more. The backbone of history rests on its chronology. It gives us the "when" of basic analysis. It gives us a frame of reference, the order of things. Before having an "absolute" way of determining dates, history was based in guesses and assumptions. Many attempts were made to organize the dates of the past. Some of these attempts were made by geologist. Geologist used the idea of "stratigraphic succession" (Renfrew, 1973) which is based on the "principle that when successive layers or strata are observed in position, the underlying ones are the earliest." (Pg. 23 Renfrew, 1973) By setting the layers in

For decades the age of the Earth has been a major conflict between science and religion, but why is it such a big conflict? If, in the year AD 1600, an individual had asked an educated European how old the planet Earth was and to recount its history, the response would have been that it was about 6000 years old and that its ancient history was given by the biblical account in Genesis (Changing Views of the History of the Earth). If one asked the same question of an educated European in AD 1900, one would have received a totally different answer (Changing Views of the History of the Earth). The answer would have been the Earth was ancient, there had not been a Noachian flood, and that the species of life had not been fixed over the history of Earth (Changing Views of the History of the Earth). In short, Genesis was an allegory and not literal history (Changing Views of the History of the Earth). This brings up the different views between “young earth creationists” and “old earth creationists” and those that support an infinite universe. The problem today is each side contains major valid points of evidence of both biblical and scientific, on the age of the planet Earth.