Cerebrum

23.The part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain, this structure relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex and PROCESSES some sensory information before sending it to its proper area and is called the thalamus.

Also, on the retina is the optic disk. There are no photoreceptors in this area, so any light that falls on this part of the retina is unseen and creates what is called the blind spot. (Hugh

There are many symptoms associated with the physiological responses of the fight-or-flight including dilation of pupils, increased and more rapid heart rate, and acceleration in the respiratory system. The fight-or-flight response is a very important and crucial response both mentally and physically that is a building block for the human body. Without it, humans may not be as adapted to the dangerous and stressful environment we call our world. Finally, to summarize the steps of the fight-or-flight response. First, a threat or stimuli are perceived by the retina and signals are sent to the brain. Next, the brain processes the signals and determines whether the threat is real. Then, the adrenal medulla is sent synapses from the cerebrum and secretes a liquid with high levels of adrenaline called epinephrine. After that, the secreted adrenaline is mixed with glucose. Next, the adrenaline and glucose are rushed throughout the bloodstream and to the muscles. The muscles then tense up and are given an extra boost of strength and speed. Lastly, the muscles are used to either fight or

Fear influences human behavior and the way people react to situations. When fear is perceived, the body starts to sweat, and a “fight or flight” reaction occurs. The body temperature is lowered down. The heart starts to pound and the body releases the hormone epinephrine into the bloodstream when it perceives a threat. This in turn increases the heart rate so that it moves blood into other parts of the body that may need it to act in the face of fear. Another side effect is shortness of breath, when nerves around the ribcage and torso are

According to current research there are about 800,000 ganglion cells in the human optic nerve (J.R. Anderson, 2009,pg. 35). The ganglion cells are where the first encoding of the visual information happens. Encoding is the process of recognizing the information and changing it into something one’s brains can understand and store. Each ganglion cell is dedicated to encoding information from a specific part of the retina. The optic nerve goes then to the visual cortex and the information enters the brain cells. There are two types of cells that are subcortical, or below the cortex; the lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus. The lateral geniculate nucleus is responsible for understanding details and recognizing objects. The superior colliculus is responsible for understanding where objects are located spatially. This collection of cells working together is called the “what-where” distinction. The division of labor continues, as the information is further processes. The “what” information travels to the temporal cortex, the “where” information travels to the parietal regions of the brain.

The results of this study show us the brain is not in fact symmetrical and the two hemispheres in the brain work in different ways. The left hemisphere is known to play the dominant role, which is in control of all complex behavioural and cognitive processes as for the right hemisphere it only plays a minor role. This report will further analyse how different the two hemisphers is the dominant side of the brain.

In most cases, the sympathetic nervous system and

She will be able to visualize due to primary visual cortex and surrounding areas. V1 & V2 being responsible for orientation, spatial frequency, and color
V3 for integration of information, V4 for object recognition, color perception
V5/MT for motion perception. Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, is a sensory nerve delivers images of sight to the brain and runs to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe .This nerve is activated when Laila sees her friends around a margarita pizza. The visual information is initially processed from her eyes. Her pupils absorbed light, which enters the eye and then travels to the lens. The lens refracts the light and focuses the light into the retina. The optic nerve (II), is responsible for carrying the visual impulse from the eye to the optic chiasm. This nerve is located in the posterior of the eye. It transfers visual information to the visual centers in the brain. The optic chiasm contains temporal fibers that run

-The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. This system is responsible for the sensory information and responding accordingly. The spinal cord sends signals between the brain and the rest of the body and controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes. This isn’t using input from the brain. The brain is responsible for most sensory information and coordinating body function, both consciously and unconsciously. Also one portion of the CNS we may forget at times is the retina. The retina is formed as an out pocketing of the diencephalon during development. This is known as the optic vesicle.

Think of your brain as a sponge, constantly absorbing information around you, but in order to have a greater understanding of how the brain works, you must understand the most basic anatomy of the brain. There are three major areas of the brain, each responsible for performing different tasks, they are the: forebrain, midbrain, and the hindbrain. The brain is also split into two hemispheres: the left and the right side. In addition, to the two above mentioned the four lobes of the brain will be discussed to get a general idea of the anatomy of the brain.

Cerebellum - The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. This also controls muscle tone and equilibrium. It regulates movements by using the sensory information received from the spinal cord and other areas of the brain. The cerebellum also helps individuals to know the position of their body in space. Although small in size, the cerebellum accounts for ten percent of the brain's weight. Also, it holds about fifty percent of the neurons in the brain. If the cerebellum becomes damage, individuals will become unbalanced and unable to complete complex task without shaking. They will also have development problems with speech.

Visual processing for humans is split up into two different channels called the dorsal and ventral streams (or pathways). Before information is sent to one stream or the other it must be sent through a series of structures, which begins in the retina. When light enters the eye and hits the photoreceptors (rods and cones) located in the retina, the retinal ganglion cells are activated. The retinal ganglion cells are organized in the retina and then are sent to the optic nerve, which is located at the back of the eye. The optic nerve transports the signals from the retinal ganglion cells to the lateral geniculate nucleus (also abbreviated as the LGN). The thalamus is the structure that houses the lateral geniculate nucleus. The primary function

There are varies glands, organs, and systems that are affected by the sympathetic nervous system, and they include the lacrimal gland, the eye, the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, blood vessels, the heart, the trachea,and the lungs. As well as the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, the small and large intestines, and many more internal organs. I chose to write about the cardiovascular system, and how the organs in this system are affected by the sympathetic nervous system, as well as how a lie detector test would assess these internal changes in the human body. First, I will start with the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system. When stress is at an all time high, "the blood vessels that direct blood to the large muscles

Visual processing starts with the eye where light is bent and refracted so that the most important cells can capture it. Those cells are located in our retina which

which it does in the body. This is the reaction of "fighting or fleeing." The sympathetic