Change Blindness: a Literature Review on Attention

Our past experiences, also influence the way we perceive new visual stimuli and make sense of it. However, without each process the world would be unknown to us. Without sensation, we would not be aware of the blind spot, and without perception there would be no rational making sense of the surround to complete the image or have any understanding of it. The filling-in illusion is part of our everyday life, we don’t realize it because the two processes are currently and have been working together for quite some time; although, at what point in our lives it begins we are unsure. Regardless, seeing our surroundings as one complete picture is a rather important part of vision and how our brains contribute is an amazing

The use of certain tests listed above has some limitations, such as in the change blindness test, we can not say with 100% certainty where the participant have seen changes, and where just click on the keyboard buttons. About this restriction also mentioned Levin, Momen, IV & Simons, they also coined the term "change blindness blindness" which characterizes the misconceptions about the vision due to the fact that some participants in the experiment have given the answer at random trying to guess what was supposed to be the right answer. The motivation to divining the answer may be a desire to look smart and impress yourself and others (2010). In some tests, such as

The purpose of the study was to measure the effect that the Flicker Paradigm had on visual perception. The Flicker Paradigm causes a distraction while there is a change made in the image. It was designed to test how long the groups took to react to a change in the visual field. The test is meant to show that the disturbance in the visual field made it much more challenging for the viewer to notice any changes that were made in the image. The hypothesis stated that the experimental group, the group using the Flicker Paradigm, would take longer to notice the change in the visual field than the control group, which had no flicker between the altered images. This is because the disturbance in the visual field caused the brain to miss the change that was made to the image because the information was deemed as unimportant. The majority of the perceived changes occurred in the background of the scene, and were considered minor in reference to the whole scene. This was proven true from the data collected, and coincided with previous tests. (Rensink, R. A. 2000). The data in tables 1.1 and 1.3 shows the individual participant data for the test with a flicker for both tests one and two. Tables 1.2 and 1.4 represent the individual results for the tests with no flicker, or the control group. Graphs 1.1 and 1.2 showed the relationship between the time taken to recognize alterations in the images. The data was taken from the average time to recognize the change from all

According to research, the earliest experimental change blindness is developed from the phenomena such as eye movements and more on working memory. It depends on the personal attention to the images they perceive (MacWhinney, 2001). Although individual have well informed and good memory on whether or not they have perceived an image, they also have poor recalling ability especially on the smaller details that are presented in that image. This is evidently through presentation of the complex pictures that are stimulated

Visual attention is the collective title given to the cognitive mechanisms that allow us to attend some visual stimuli over others, improving processing efficiency (McMains & Kastner, 2009). Here only covert visual attention, i.e. attention without head or eye-movement, will be considered. This is appropriate, since it seems that the primary purpose of eye-movements is to enhance visual acuity (Posner, 1980, p.9), which is not necessary for simple target detection required by the present study. There is a debate concerning the type of information that covert visual attention operates on, specifically if attention is deployed to specific areas in space or to perceptual objects.

The life we once knew changes before our eyes, and we start seeing what no one else sees. We may start seeing poverty, hunger, violence, and death, or we may start seeing beauty, life, and hope. The metaphor of blindness exist in our typical, everyday life through films, stories, games,

Change blindness is a phenomenon in attention where drastic changes to a scene can go unnoticed. This is important to the field of Human Sensation and Perception because it helps illustrate how a visual scene is processed. Specifically it shows how even if there is direct attention to a scene, there are times when drastic changes can occur without perception of the change occurring. With extensive research already conducted illustrating this effect, new research has recently been conducted studying different types of scene changes in the hopes of understanding which changes are easier or harder to notice. The results of these studies were quantified by the measurement of change detection time (usually reported in seconds). This subset of change blindness research has far-reaching practical applications, especially in the field of security and law enforcement. By applying the knowledge of which type of stimuli lead to longer change detection times training programs could be developed that allow this population to improve their observation skills.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal

The Jelsone-Swain, Smith, & Baylis, (2012), research displays these conclusions provide innovative understandings into the perceptual discrepancies linked with hemineglect and this backups other effort that fabricates the fast denial account of non-awareness dispensation in visual hemispatial neglect.

Ramachandran is helping to understand is the blindsight syndrome. Blindsight syndrome is when the person is completely blind, but can see. This is a rare syndrome seen in brain trauma patients. Graham Young has had this condition since he was eight years old, due to a horrific traffic accident. Graham can see to the left, but is unable to visualize anything on the right side. He is able to see an object move or the orientation of it, but cannot comprehend the object. Graham lacks the ability to be consciously aware of wait is being seen. People do not only just see objects, but they also interpret the information. According to Dr. Ramachandran, there are two ways the brain visualizes objects (Rawlene, 2014). The cerebral cortex pathway is from the eyeball through the thalamus to the visual cortex of the brain, which allows you to be visually conscious of what you are seeing (Rawlene, 2014). The other pathway to see is through the central core (Rawlene, 2014). The central core is located near the base of the stem of the brain, which is then transmitted to the visual cortex (Rawlene, 2014). The central core is closely related to lower life forms, such as a cat (Rawlene, 2014). This connection is more concern with the survival of the species and necessary reflexes (Rawlene, 2014). Blindsight syndrome happens when there is damage to just the cerebral cortex pathway. Graham Young‘s condition is a prime example of how the brain needs to

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of age on the amount of time it would take the participant to detect change blindness. These factors were observed through a computer software (Qualtrics, n. d.). The correlation of age and time in this study were insignificant. The results do not show the importance of the overall issue of the correlation in change blindness within age due to sample issues, so method implications and future directions are discussed.

Researchers do differ on their perspectives on change blindness depending upon their method approach and background or field; however literature is largely in an agreed consensus as to what change blindness is and its effects on attention. Change blindness is studied by using the methodology of change detection, which is where participants are shown two stimuli that are

The phenomenon of blindsight has far reaching implications regarding consciousness, awareness and the "I" function. These studies demonstrate that receiving and interpreting visual inputs is independent of our awareness of that input. Does this imply that there is a separate mechanism of "consciousness" which can be disengaged from our senses? Marcel proposes that this loss of visual consciousness results from the

Change blindness occurs when the observer does not noticed any changes in their visual field.

Vision is the most important sensory compared to other sensory modality therefore there is a wide range of research carried out on vision. Visual attention is defined as a term that portrays how individuals are able to change their view while attending to an image that is of a normal perspective due to the neurones in the cortex (Carasco, 2011). It is often described as a focal point which is situated with different locations in the region of space (Wright, 1998). Visual search requires detecting a specific target as quickly as possible. For example, trying to find your car in a large car park. By focusing our attention to the specific environment it improves our visual search of the target (Keane et al., 2015). The speed of a visual search