Introduction
This task requires the close comparison of two jazz pieces of different decades and their defining styles. The musical styles, instrumentation, compositional techniques, structure, technology and role of lyrics are key factors in the comparison and will be focused on. The artists’ lives as well as the historical and social contexts of those decades will also be analysed because they played key roles in the composition of the music.
Charlie Parker’s 1945 Bebop recording “Ko Ko” will be compared to Take Five composed by Paul Desmond and Dave Brubeck.
Context
“Ko Ko” was composed and recorded in 1945 which marked the end of the Second World War. The original recorded version featured Parker playing alto saxophone, Miles Davis on trumpet, Curley Russelland on double bass, Max Roach on drums and Dizzy Gillespie on piano, instead of his main instrument trumpet.
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Parker recorded "Ko Ko" during his first session and first date as a leader for Savoy Records.
This piece showcased just how challenging this new music was to play. Parker was no longer confining himself in the traditional jazz musical style but rather creating his own new Jazz language. “Ko Ko was a ferocious salvo fired across swings bow.” (Myers n.d.)
Take Five, a West Coast Cool Jazz piece, was composed by Paul Desmond during the Cold War and performed by The Dave Brubeck Quartet on their 1959 album “Time Out”. The piece got its name due to its 5/4 time signature, which is very unusual. This reflects the experimental nature of West Coast Cool Jazz. “I was breaking a whole bunch of rules." (Zollo 1991), but this evidently worked because it was the first jazz single to ever sell over a million copies globally.
Musical
This review is about the Studio Big Band and their performance in the Casa Loma Room at the University of Redlands on Thursday, February 23rd at eight in the evening, under the direction of Prof. David Scott. The concert was made up of the following tunes: “High Maintenance” by Gordon Goodwin, “Four” by Miles Davis (arr. Dave Bardhun), “Nica’s Dream” by Horace Silver (arr. Frank Mantooth), “Witchcraft” by Cy Coleman (arr. Sammy Nestico), “Footprints” by Wayne Shorter (arr. Mat Harris), “Category 4” by Jeff Jarvis, and “Giant Steps” by John Coltrane (arr. Mark Taylor). The music on this program was very relevant for the eras we are covering or will be covering soon in the class, and to this end, the piece I will be focusing on
The decade of the 1940’s was an important era in the history of jazz. The 1940’s was a transition from traditional jazz into modern jazz. Leading this transition was the introduction of the Bebop period in Jazz. Bebop created controversy in the jazz world for being a contradiction to traditional jazz and was widely disliked by many audiences across America. Despite its controversy, Bebop, also referred to as “Bop,” was one of the most important eras in the history of Jazz. The technical creations by some of Bebop’s greatest musicians influenced future generations of jazz musicians
Harker, Brian. “Louis Armstrong, Eccentric Dance, and the Evolution of Jazz on the Eve of Swing.” Journal of the American Musicological Society, University of California Press Journals, 1 Apr. 2008, jams.ucpress.edu/content/61/1/67. Accessed 13 Apr. 2017.
Watching Louis Armstrong’s live performance in Berlin during the year 1965 was a pleasure, especially because I am a great fan of his music. Throughout the concert in Berlin, Armstrong and his chamber orchestra played 13 different pieces. With the exception of Jewel Woods’ entrance on vocals for two songs, the makeup of the chamber orchestra did not change throughout the concert. As a result, the cello, clarinet, drums, piano, trombone, and trumpet remained vital parts of each song throughout the concert.
Out of the streets of New Orleans, a new form of music arose. This new type of music was not known as African or European, but simply American. It was jazz. In 1900 jazz first developed, but it wasn’t until the
Genre: Nonfiction. The gripping story of how a young, poor, African-American boy, physically abused by his father and bullied at school, finds a creative outlet for his anger through music when his teacher gives him a trumpet. The rise to fame, and the creation of bebop music by jazz legend Dizzy Gillespie is told with a narrative containing rhyme, rhythm, and alliteration. The narration imitates the sounds of jazz and scat that Dizzy created. A note from the author included at the end of the narrative brings further insight into Dizzy’s life as a teacher of bebob and role model for musicians.
From its inception, Jazz has applied both innovative approaches in different degrees and boundless configuration. And has continually amplified, progress, and modify music through various distinctive episodes of growth. So, an all-encompassing denotation of jazz is likely vain. Additionally, jazz as a music whose prime attribute was “improvisation,” for example, revealed to be too regulated and chiefly false. Meanwhile composition, adaptation, and ensembles have also been imperative constituent of Jazz (for most of its backstory). Furthermore, “syncopation” and “swing,” often viewed as important and distinctive to jazz, are certainly lacking the genuineness of it, whether of the 1920s (or of later decades). However, the prolonged perception that swing could not transpire without syncopation was utterly refuted when trumpeter Louis Armstrong often produced vast swing while playing repeated, and unsyncopated quarter notes (Armstrong, L., Fitzgerald, E., & Middleton, V. (1988). Satchmo. Gong.)
Before Armstrong had a great influenced on jazz music there was the Dixieland. So, before Louis Armstrong came around everyone was playing the Dixieland style of music. Dixieland style was more of the classical orchestrated structures. Within the bad everyone knew their roles and that wasn’t change. Everyone knew that the Bass was there for the low-pitched walking baseline which outlined the harmony. That the piano provided the syncopated commentary along with comping and the guitar provided the solos. While the drums provided things like swing, kicked of the solos and many more. Dixieland was
The performance program was chosen to stretch the soloist in ways unfamiliar and uncomfortable while still showing abilities previously acquired. The program is as follows: The Osborne Rhapsody for Bassoon by, Sonatine by Alexander Tansman, Concertino by Paulo Mignone, Bassoon Sonata by Gustav Schreck, and Hungarian Fantasy by Carl von Weber.
Compare and contrast two works from the same genre which were written at least a generation or half a century apart. Consider and explain similarities and differences with regard to musical style and historical context.
Born in Alton, Illinois, Miles Davis grew up in a middle-class family in East St. Louis. Miles Davis took up the trumpet at the age of 13 and was playing professionally two years later. Some of his first gigs included performances with his high school bandand playing with Eddie Randall and the blue Devils. Miles Davis has said that the greatest musical experience of his life was hearing the Billy Eckstine orchestra when it passed through St. Louis. In September 1944 Davis went to New York to study at Juilliard but spend much more time hanging out on 52nd Street and eventually dropped out of school. He moved from his home in East St. Louis to New York primarily to enter school but also to locate his musical idol,
By the late 1920’s Duke was performing in Broadway nightclubs and made hundreds of recordings with his bands, as well as preforming in films and on the radio. Duke’s fame rose to the rafters in the 1940’s when he composed several works including “Concerto for Cootie,” “Cotton Tail” and “Ko-Ko”. Duke’s most famous jazz tune was “Take the A Train”. It was Ellington’s sense of musical drama that people loved so much. Duke brought a level of style and sophistication to Jazz that it had not seen
In the 1920s, jazz experienced a rise in popularity when the music began to spread through recordings in the north of the United States. During the first coming of jazz, it was at its most recognition during this decade. Originating in New Orleans during the second decade of the twentieth century, jazz entered the cultural mainstream during the 1920s. At the time there some popular jazz ambassadors which were at best at what they did, for example Duke Ellington wrote the first extended jazz compositions and became hits around; Louis Armstrong popularized "scat" singing which used random vocal noises usually syllables in which tied in to the type of music he had performed; Fletcher Henderson pioneered big band jazz; and trumpeter Jimmy
With the installation of the Miles Davis Quintet, Davis picked up where his late forties sessions left off. Eschewing the rhythmic and harmonic complexity of the prevalent bebop, Davis was given space to play long, legato and essentially melodic lines, where he would begin to explore modal music, his lifelong obsession. Modal jazz is a new venture for jazz both harmonically and structurally, it no longer used the chord progressions of standard tunes as the basis for improvisation replaced by a succession of scales on which the performer improvised instead (Kingman, 1990:390). Davis had definitely gone a long way in his trumpet playing since collaborating with Parker. No longer dependant on bebop phrasing, he chose a minimalist approach instead. Ornate phrasing gave way to a smattering of tones. He was also utilizing a Harmon mute, sometimes adding reverb, which had a whisper effect and personalised his sound. Elements of texture and silence between notes were becoming more dominant (Kirker, 2005:2). By 1958, he had freed himself by using modal scales and slower moving harmonies. “Milestones” portrayed this example as
The mystery of Jazz and its powerful impact on the music community can be explained largely by the context of it’s creation. Jazz was born in the United States, and because of this, many have referred to Jazz as “America’s music.” Like America, Jazz has a balance between structure and spontaneity. It capitalizes on the fluidity of the musicians, having several different instruments with independent spirits, coming together as one to form a great piece of music. Unlike other styles of music, Jazz has a certain way about it that makes it stand-alone in the world of genres. It improvises, moves, and transforms itself in a moment’s notice based on the musician’s intuition. Just as America harbors democracy, so too does a jazz ensemble, showing both the responsibility to a larger group, yet still allowing room for individual freedom. It all comes down to how well others can respect the overall framework and structure of the jingle.