Chemical Bonds Lab Report

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

A chemical reaction is when substances (reactants) change into other substances (products). The five general types of chemical reactions are synthesis (also known as direct combination), decomposition, single replacement (also known as single displacement), double replacement (also known as double displacement), and combustion. In this lab, the five general types of chemical reactions were conducted and observations were taken before, during, and after the reaction. Then the reactants and observations were used to determine the products to form a balanced chemical equation. The purpose of this lab was to learn and answer the question: How can observations be used to determine the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction?

Energy keeps all living organisms alive, as they need a continual supply of energy to function in order to survive. Some of these processes are continuous such as, metabolism, which is the chemical reactions which occur in the body, these occur by using or releasing energy from chemical substances. Another continuous process which use energy is the transporting of molecules in order for them to break down, and to build new ones. The breakdown of large molecules into their simpler forms to release energy is known as catabolism, for example, when glucose is used in a cell to release energy. And the opposite reaction, is called anabolism. This is when energy is used to build complex structures from simple cells, for example, tissue growth and

An element or compound’s reactivity is its ability or capacity to react, or bond, with another substance. As you continue through this course, you will observe and compare this particular chemical property in a variety of scenarios.

37. Chemical formulas are written so that the charges of cations and anions neutralize (cancel) one another.

During this investigation the question we looked to answer was: what are the identities of the unknown compounds? In an effort to answer the question, our group designed a method in which the relationships between the unknown compounds in plastic bags were compared so that their identities could be determined. The mole (mol) provides a measure of the number of atoms present in the sample of a compound. One mole of an element or compound contains

2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.

At station A when zinc and hydrochloric acid react with each other it is a chemical change because it creates gas bubbles and temperature change. At station B where NaOH solution and phenolphthalein react with each other it is a chemical change because it changed to the colour purple and the change looked difficult to reverse. Station C in which sulfuric acid and magnesium were to react with each other is a chemical change because it formed gas bubbles and changed colour. Station D where hydrochloric acid and Bromothymol blue were the materials is a chemical change because it changed to the colour yellow and looked difficult to reverse. In Station E where NaCl solution and AgNO3 solution were the materials is a chemical change because the reaction

There are three types of bonds ionic,polar, and nonpolar.Ionic bonds is between metals and nonmetals where the electrons are transferred.Polar bonds are between two nonmetals and they do not share electrons equally.Nonpolar two nonmetals share electrons equally. For example of NaCl is a ionic covalent.Na is 0.9 and Cl is 3.0. Subtract 3.0 and 0.9 and the difference is 2.1 for it to Ionic it has to be greater than 1.9.Also ionic is a nonmetal and a metal.CO2 is an example of 0% of ionic. C and O are both nonmetals. Oxygen is 3.5 and Phosphorus is 2.1. This is polar because 3.5- 2.1 is 1.4 . This is an example of intermediate degree. Another way to determine if a compound is polar, ionic or nonpolar is to test the melting point ,solubility in water, and conductivity.The purpose of this lab Bonding

In chemical reactions bonds must be broken and new bonds must be formed. In order for this to occur the bonds must be made less stable. For bonds to become less stable a small input of energy is required and this is

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in a cell at every moment. These chemical reactions do not occur randomly, they are highly under the control of biological catalysts called enzymes. Most of these enzymes are proteins. These proteins have certain primary structures directed by

Chemical reactions make new things by rearranging other things. In a chemical reaction, the main change that occurs relates to the way atoms are bonded to each other, in order to change those connections, bonds must be broken and new bonds be formed.

The guiding question of this ADI lab was, “What are the identities of the unknown compounds?” The goal of this lab was to understand the relationships between moles and molar mass to find the identity of unknown compounds. The mole can be used to measure small amounts of a substance or is used to convert from unit to unit using dimensional analysis. One mole is equivalent to the molar mass in grams of that substance. If you start with the moles of an unknown substance, multiply it by a given compound’s molar mass, and then divide it by however many moles are in the compound of your choice, you will get the mass of the compound. With that answer you can then compare with mass of the compound in the bag to determine its identity. We first started

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

Living cells are involved in a series of chemical reactions rapidly due to the participation of