Essay about Child and Adolescent Development

The expected pattern of children’s early years development from 0-5 years consists of Physical, Intellectual and Social and Emotional development. Children aged 0-5 years are expected to be able to walk, talk and interact with other children and adults by the time they are aged 5. Social Development is where a child learns to interact with other people and how to behave in different social situations and how to understand other people 's feelings and their own feelings and how to manage them.

When babies are born they only respond to light and the voice of their main carer. As babies grow they become more interested in what is going on around them starting to react to more things, for example smile back when being smiled at. At 8 months their brain starts to develop dramatically and they will start to respond when in different environments. Babies explore toys by touching and tasting them mostly, but by the age of 12 months they should be able to use single words and respond to a simple request, such as can you get me a book? While

Emotional development; a child will develop a stung emotional attachment to carers/parents also to their toys i.e. a teddy bear. A child has basic emotions for example happy or sad and will start developing an understanding of others. Children will form relationships with other children and will developed skills such a sharing. A child will see differences in types of relationships between family and those in a formal setting.

All children and young people develop at different rates, but the order which they advance in differs very little. Children’s development tends to progress from head to toe, inner to outer, from simple to complex and from general to specific.

The guide below explains what you might expect from the development of the child through various ages:

|9 |Can sit independently and will be finding ways to be |Baby realises that when something or someone |Will understand no, bye-bye and other key words,|Can find partially hidden object/toys and will |

At the age of a year to 17 month children start to get interested in looking through books for a small amount of time. They begin to follow simple directions and answer simple questions with gestures. Children this age recognise familiar objects ,people

Physical development 0-3 years they are able to feed themselves at the snack table. Nod or shake their heads to say if they want something. If playing shops they should be able to push the trolley and walk at the same time. Be able to kick a ball independently. Showing control when pouring milk/water into a cup. Start making lines and circles when scribbles during mark making. Making bigger towers.

The childhood development of the individual followed the normal development patterns that are expected. In the childhood stage the individual development changed rapidly and their ability to be active and learn new skills improves on a daily basis. During childhood a child will grow steadier compared to an infant. A child’s body and organs size grows at a steady pace. By the age of 6 a child’s head will be 90% of a full adult size even though the rest of a child’s body has a lot more to grow and to develop. Until a child reaches late childhood, and entering adolescence, an individual’s reproductive organs are still not fully developed. Infants and children can suffer from delayed development. This could cause potential effects

When an infant arrives in the world they are helpless tiny humans who depend on adults for every need from love, to feeding them. It is amazing how these tiny babies grow into adults able to make decisions and become self-dependent. There are many theories about how children develop and what roles the environment plays, what people affect their lives and how events can shape their personalities. Some of these children have and easy life and some have a harder time making that journey to adulthood.

At 6 weeks infants develop a social smile, at 3 month laughter and curiosity develop, at 4 months full responsive smiles emerge, from 4-8 months they develop anger, from 9014 months they develop a fear of social events, at 12 months the are fearful of unexpected sights and sounds, and at 18 months they are self-aware, feel pride, shame, and embarrassment. In the first two years, infants develop from reactive pain and pleasure to complex patterns of social awareness. Emotions in infants are produced from their body as opposed to their thoughts. Therefore fast and uncensored reactions are common in infants. During their toddler years, the strength of their emotions will increase.

The developmental physiology is heavily affected by the culture, gender and the age of the subject. All three of these factors takes a huge role in developing an individual. Fist the age of the individual is very important. The age affects how much the individual is affected by the outside world, giving the nature and nature more effect on a younger individual then say an older individual. This reasoning has led to many of the theories in developmental phycology to be based around early adolescence, as this is the time of their lives that they can be most easily manipulated and changed depending on their surroundings. During this crucial time in the development of the individual, the gender and culture aspects of the child’s life has a large effect on the developmental phycology, the cultural aspect affect the development as different cultures have different parenting styles, which can either have a positive or negative effect on the child, as well as racial stereotypes possibly leading to detrimental effects of the child’s development.

Babies are new to the world its exciting when they smile and crawl for the first time. Just like adults their emotions are tied to their cognitive and physical development. Each individual grows in different rates some may learn faster than others. Usually infants first gain a frown they cry and express anger. But besides that approximately after 3 months it develops a smile they are more aware of their environment they have a strong bond with the mother. At first mainly baby’s use imitate learning as Lev Vygotsky stated in one of his theories there are three ways a child learns. Infant copies facial expressions from parent or sibling. Infants socially interact with the parent giving hand gestures for example; a baby is gesturing to its

In middle childhood, children continue to learn and build cognitive abilities as well as physical skills. During this stage, children go through growth spurts which include changes in height, weight, and increases strength and stamina. Many theorists developed many theoretical interpretations that will tie in the whole developmental status for middle childhood stage whether it is physical, biological, socio-emotional, or cognitive development. Sigmund Freud is one of the well-known theorist that identified the middle childhood as the “Latency stage” because the physical growth of a child at this stage is slow and at a steady pace.

When do emotions appear in infants? This debate still continues. For example, smiles occur early, but most are more likely reflexive than social. A smile can express emotion at 6 weeks of age but psychologists believe it is not until approximately 6 months of age that a smile can be regarded as emotional and social in nature. Crying is a strong emotion for infants and can be used to communicate. The first emotions that infants express are pleasure, fear, anger, distress and interest. At about 3 to 4 months of age infants express laughter. Negative emotions develop soon after, with anger the most prominent negative feeling.