China 's Economic Development Through Experiments With Capitalist Methods Of Production

Located in Eastern Asia, China is a country known for being a worldwide economic superpower that has had a communist government for several years. Beginning in 1978, China, under Deng Xiaoping’s rule, began to incorporate capitalistic ideas in the government. Deng created various reforms unlike any of the policies or reforms in prior years that began to reconstruct China’s economy through modernization and by establishment of international trade.

Mao Zedong, the leader of China during the third quarter of the 20th century, organized two movements in his country in an attempt to develop China 's economy through the establishment of communism. Through The Great Leap Forward, Mao planned to change the layout of the Chinese economy by forcing collectivism on his country and implementing other ways to speed up production. Since this movement failed, he then implemented The Cultural Revolution. It consisted of the same goals but was carried out through violence and was also an utter failure. These two movements failed because of the lack of organization with which they were performed. This lack of organization manifested itself in a number of different ways. The government did not care about their people, the reforms themselves were not planned out in detail, the government did not think about the spontaneity of young people, they did not consider the effect violence would have on their country, they did not realize the decline in education that would result from the participation of students in the revolution, they did not plan well economically, they did not examine the negative effects of communes, and they did not foresee the large number of deaths that would plague their country. Although designed to rapidly increase China 's economic growth through communism, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution had the opposite effects and significantly diminished China 's economy. The two direct causes of the failure

In October 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established and led by Mao Zedong. China’s new communist leaders turned their backs on China’s traditional output (based on individual and small scale household production) economy and set out to create a massive socialist industrial government inspired by the Soviet Union. This idea introduced a model, which prioritize industrialization known as the “Big Push Model”. China started prioritizing investments into the heavy industry, which would reshape the Chinese economy and create a Command economy. Mao’s economic policies seemed be working in the

China has always been renowned for being successful in the domains of science and arts, however in previous decades, China has been ravaged by famines, civil discomfort and foreign outsourcing. China was consumed by this injustice until well after the Second World War when Mao Zedong introduced Communism adapted from the U.S.S.R, and created an autocratic socialist system which imposes firm constraints upon the Chinese social, political and economic system. It wasn't until the 1980's China's following leader Deng Xiaoping who focused focused on developing China into a

In correlation to Stalin’s Russia, Mao’s China shadowed through the darkness of an intensive economic crisis, generally referred to as, ‘The great leap forward’. The campaign lasted over a decade despite the catastrophic events that made China and its economy go downhill. Although Mao’s efforts were too colossal to go unnoticed, the monstrosity of a decade lead Mao to slowly fade in the background. Consequently, Zedong’s acquaintances, Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shao-chi, rose to power to rectify the situation. Deng and Liu’s attempts to restore China – after the period of the great leap forward - may have been an optimistic road for the two officials. However, for Mao Zedong, it was far from the ideologies he obtained from the very beginning. Mao’s return in 1966 was merely to enforce his socialist principles, underpinning the Cultural Revolution.

This paper aims to find out the differences between the developmental strategies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping are important characters of China's history. Both great leaders and both tried to bring about reform with China. In addition, through the facts that society in China has been changing in recent decades, evaluate the achievements of each in the contribution to economic and social development of China.

Mark explains in Chapter 4 why the Europeans were able to industrialize and why China and India did not. He says the Europeans were heavily focused on trade, variety of specializations, and improved transportation. While the biological old regime and the particularities of China's situation was pushing it toward an increasingly labor-intensive agri-culture, rather than toward an industrial revolution. He explains that Europe’s coal and colonies propelled them. The author talks about India and how important it was around the 1700. India around 1700 was the largest exporter of cotton textiles in the world and supplied textiles not just to meet English demand, but throughout the world as well... and that India accounted for fully one quarter of

Life in China during the 1980s began to progress because of the Economic Reform in Communist China. Leaders of the communist party, Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong did not agree with each other on one major part of Chinese history, which was the Cultural Revolution. Deng disagreed with Mao on Mao’s views about the ideas of a cultural revolution in China, because he believed that it would become a negative effect on the people. Deng Xiaoping was openly critical of Mao Zedong’s ideas but Deng was also one of the leaders of the communist party, so nonetheless, he was arrested and removed from office until the end of the Cultural Revolution. A few years later, in 1976, Mao Zedong had passed away, leaving the country in despair. Deng Xiaoping rose to power and began working non-stop on economic reforms in communist China in the many years to come. Deng Xiaoping was a much more effective leader than Mao Zedong. China began growing economically and Deng provided better lives for people and created hope for his country, but his journey was not short and nor was it simple.

China's transition from the leadership under the iron fist of Mao Zedong to the more liberal Deng Xiao Ping gave the People's Republic a gradual increase in economic freedom while maintaining political stability. During Mao's regime, the country focused on bolstering and serving the community, while subsequently encumbering individual growth and prosperity. Deng advocated a more capitalist economic ideology, which established China as an economic force in the global community while endowing its citizens with more liberties and luxuries than previously granted.

The 3rd Session of the 11th Central Committee marked the beginning of the Chinese economic reform, led by Deng Xiaoping who was then-Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. As the most influential leader after Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Deng never held the title of President of the country but was successful in proposing and leading market economy reforms against strong party conservatives.

The goals of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform were the ‘Four Modernizations’. This Four Modernization refers to the reform of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science technology. These reforms were to solve the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances that were common in command economies.

The European industrial revolution saw a paradigm shift in scientific and technological innovation while the same didn’t happen in China. There are a number of reasons but the primary one was China’s socio-political system. While it didn’t prohibit intellectual creativity, the incentives of the system directed the intelligentsia away from scientific exploration and consequently industrial advancement.

. Xiaoping implemented significant change going from a centrally planned economy run by the state, towards a private entrepreneur market based economy. This transition to a new type of socialist thinking, known as the socialist market economy, proved highly successful as it allowed China to move from a nation in poverty ruled by a single person to the second largest economy in the world. A more sudden or abrupt change could have easily resulted in the fall of China’s economy, similar to what certain European countries experienced in 1991 at the end of the cold war between the super powers.

In the era of capitalist globalization, the economic growth of China has made the country a possible regional leader with the potential to become a global power. With respect to economics, China’s capitalist market has become a key international player in global politics. One way of conceptualizing the phenomenon of economic expansion in China is through the examination of traditional and contemporary IR theories. China’s remarkable economic growth, which exemplifies their “socialist market economy model,” can be conceptualized by the structural change in the country’s internal dynamics such as institutional changes and configuration of labor as well as external factors by expanding the degree of openness through capital investment, trade liberalization, and importation of advanced technologies. Both internal dynamics and external factors of China’s economic transformation can be rationalized by their appropriate theoretical frameworks for economic development. This paper seeks to examine the recent economic development of China through Marxian Economics and Neoclassical Economics by engaging the initial work of Marx’s assumption on capital accumulation and the contemporary work of neoclassical economics approach to capital distribution.

Deng Xiao Ping’s long term plan was to implement four groups of economic reforms that would help to kick start China’s economy. The Reforms included agricultural, Industrial, Scientific and militaristic. These plan would revolutionise china a turn it into a global economy. To succeed in these plan Deng Xiao Ping know that It would included opening up China to the rest of the world. Without money coming in from foreign benefactors, There was no way China could recover without outside help.