Chronic Disease: The Ebola Virus

Ebola was named for a small river near Maridi, Sudan. Since Ebola first appeared in 1967 there have been over 100 cases of Ebola with more than 50% of the patients dying within days of their acute symptoms. Ebola is classified as a biosafety level four agent because of its extreme pathogenicity and the lack of a vaccine or antiviral drug. Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), has caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in humans. Ebola has spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nigeria, USA, Senegal and Mali. Ebola has been presented for more than 35 years; however, the largest outbreak began in West Africa in March 2014. Ebola was previously reported in: Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, United States, Mali, and United Kingdom. However, there are no current cases of Ebola in these countries. There were four people who were diagnosed with Ebola in the United States. The two brought ebola into the country while the other two contracted the disease after caring for an Ebola patient in the United States. One man however died from the disease and the other three recovered and are now free of Ebola. Most of these cases were due to people traveling from a country where ebola was present. This outbreak cause severe and

In late 2013, Ebola virus disease (EVD), a deadly and lethal disease, remerged in West Africa spreading to various countries in the region. In humans, the disease is spread through contact with infected bodily fluids leading to haemorrhagic fever (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). Originating in 1976 in equatorial Africa, past outbreaks with a few hundred cases had been contained within rural, forested areas in Uganda and Congo (Piot, 2012). In 2014, a total of 20, 206 cases and 7,905 deaths were reported to have occurred in up to eight countries worldwide. Of all cases and deaths resulting from the disease, 99.8% occurred in three neighbouring West African countries - Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (WHO, 2014). With a case fatality rate from about 50% to 90%, and the absence of preventative or curative therapies, the Ebola epidemic has led to overall global alarm and further elucidated existing global health disparities that perpetuated the epidemic with these West African countries.

First discovered in the 1970’s, the ebola virus was contained to West Africa (“About Ebola Virus Disease”). Villagers’ diets consisted primarily of the resources readily available. Among these resources were fruit, vegetables, and animals, namely monkeys. Monkeys carried the ebola virus, and when people ate them, without proper cleaning and cooking techniques, they became infected. Ebola, formally known as Zaire Ebola Virus, is transmitted through bodily fluids like saliva, blood, semen, breast milk, mucus, sweat, tears, feces and urine. ("Ebola in West Africa."). Since it was introduced to a third world country, where hygiene is not regarded as important as survival. Without education, protection and segregated sewage, the virus began to spread. In days people were dying after spreading the virus to those closest to them (Waterman). The bodies, though dead, were still harboring the virus and

Although Ebola caught the world’s attention during the 1995 outbreak in Zaire, the first outbreak occurred in 1976. As the chart below displays, 71% of the people infected died as a result of Ebola during this first outbreak (Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 56 (2): 247-270, 1978). With the current outbreak, this ratio has dramatically decreased as a result of scientific research leading to early detection, but the current infected population is more than 20 times the amount of any previous outbreak and this number continues to grow as no vaccine exists to prevent the disease.

Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are five identified ebola virus species: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus); and the Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), causes disease in nonhuman primates. There have been ebola outbreaks in Africa starting in 1976 and lasting until 2016. These outbreaks have occurred as a result of human to human contact with bodily fluids which happens mostly during funerals of the deceased and population migration between countries. Patterns between outbreaks could potentially

Ebola Virus is a serious transmitted disease by both humans and animals. The disease first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the virus received its name. Ebola Virus is a member of the negative stranded RNA viruses known as filoviruses. There are currently, five different strains of the Ebola Virus including, Zaire (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV), Bundibuguyo (BDBV), Taï Forest (TAFV) and Reston (RESTV). Each of the strains of the virus are very closely related including Reston which only effects animals. Yet, Ebola Zaire is the most highly virulent subtype, often leading to death. All of the different types of the virus are extremely dangerous and often cause death if untreated.

In 2014, Center for Disease Control and Prevention diagnosed the first Ebola case in the United Stated, from a man in Dallas, Texas that came from Liberia. It came to the United States and in many ways it appears that the country was not ready for this kind of outbreak (CNN). CDC recognized the Ebola cases in the United States a lot of concerns were raised, and death is too many. In order to protect Medical Professionals and Public Health Professionals across the country, strategies and preparations with dedicated teams to undergo extensive training that would help reduce the chance of infection, and rigorous donning of personal protection equipment (PPE) training to ensure that it would stop spreading the disease. This research will outline

The Ebola virus, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is often fatal to humans. The EVD (Ebola Virus Disease) is transmitted to people from wild animals and from human-to-human interaction. The symptoms of EVD include headaches, red eyes, fevers, lack of appetite, internal bleeding, aches, weakness, diarrhea, hiccups, sore throat, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, chest pains, pain, vomiting, rash, and bleeding. Currently, there is no official cure for EVD, however there are viable treatments. Blood transfusions, supportive intensive care, oxygen therapy, and other fluid injections can help medicate the virus. Treating Ebola requires a good laboratory service and a safe burial service. The origin of the virus

Ebola infection ailment otherwise called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or just Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of people and different primates brought on by ebolaviruses. Signs and Symptoms ordinarily begin between two days and three weeks in the wake of getting the infection with a fever,sore throat, strong agony, and cerebral pains.

It is doubtless that Ebola virus has a big impact on human’s health. It kills many people and it is a catastrophe. Although there is some experimental treatments and vaccines, they are not commonly used because they are not approved by any organisation yet. Hope that approved vaccines and treatments in the future can stop ebola virus killing people so that more lives can be saved.

Ebola, once transmitted to a human is referred as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is an uncommon viral infection that deliberately targets every part of the human body with the exception of the skeletal system. When this lethal disease enters the host, it will first cause pain throughout the body and dramatically increase the body's temperature. Next, internal and external bleeding tends to occur, specifically form the face. After that, it will simply destroy the bodily tissue that holds the host's organs together. Aside from this, what the virus actually does and how it is transmitted, little to nothing is known due to the complex structure of the infectious disease, as there are five identified Ebola virus species. Four of the five affect humans

The Ebola virus (EBOV) is very pathogenic, and it belongs to the genus Ebolavirus within the family of Filoviridae. The virus can cause several syndromes between human and non-human primates. This syndrome includes a hemorrhagic fever. In fact, there is a recent epidemic of EBOV in West Africa that has increased the morbidity and mortality rate of the infection to a higher percentage, but there are surges in developing their health care system to combat the infection and to control the future incidences. West Africa nations that are affected by the Ebola virus has trained healthcare workers about safety methods in handling outbreaks and has given early prophylactic treatment to reduce the dose of the virulent. However, there are two types

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe often fatal illness that causes bleeding and organ fatal illness that causes bleeding and organ failure. It was first discovered in 1976, in which is transmitted through blood contact and/or other bodily fluids; someone who has died and was infected by the virus; contaminated objects; and/or through invasive treatments (Eckes, 2016). There are many challenges and risks with the Ebola virus. Not only does it affect every human being but it is a bigger risk to those in the healthcare setting. When an individual contracts the virus or is exposed to the virus, he or she is watched for 21 days for signs and symptom. If an individual catches a fever or have other signs, he or she is immediately isolated, tested,

Ebola virus disease (EBV), or just Ebola, is an acute, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of a number of haemorrhagic fever diseases. Ebola is a single-stranded RNA virus with an unusual, variable-length, branched morphology. The helical capsid is enclosed inside a membrane.. It is one of the world’s most virulent diseases. The Ebola virus is a member of the Filoviridae family. There are 5 known subtypes of Ebola. The infection is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people. The current hypothesis is that fruit bats are the original host of the virus. Ebola was introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions,

Science has offered mankind various alternative methods to stop diseases from invading the human body. Whether, it be a vaccine, a pill, or various collaborative methods, mankind is in the pursuit of controlling and isolating the Ebola virus disease. Ebola is a disease that not only consumes the lives of many, but also consumes the infrastructure of many villages, towns, and their way of life. The Ebola virus is one of the most dangerous diseases because it suppresses the immune system, damages the vascular system, leads to multiple organ failure, and hemorrhagic fever along with a chain of various other symptoms. It is not one single phase of Ebola that has up to a 90 percent mortality rate 1, but a wave of multiple body systems failures that disintegrates the human body as a whole. The virus’ ability to attack the human body has driven man to expand on various new methods to counteract the destruction it has had on the Central and Western African. Understanding the Ebola virus disease, its strains, and its ability to suppress the immune system, has driven the collaboration of health organizations to design and implement projects that will control and reduce the spread of Ebola.