Cold Therapy

Game Ready® is a modality system that employs the ice and compression components of RICE (Rest-Ice-Compression-Elevation) treatment techniques for acute injuries and post-surgical patients. In addition, the machine mimics the body’s natural muscle contractions in an effort to manufacture a pump system within the body that can aid in lymphatic function.

Apply icing for 20 minutes, four to six time a day for several days. This will help in reducing pain and swelling.

Because severe pain is more difficult to control, Mrs R may become anxious and fatigued, and may also withdraw again from the regimen if there is no success in achieving pain relief; therefore, the preventive approach needs to be considered. (Wells, 2014). For an effective pain control pain, Mrs R should also keep a daily record of her pain. Writing a diary can help empower the patient in her own care, give her confidence and increase self-efficacy (Bastable, 2014). Also, a strategy of pain management is to combine opiods with non-narcotics, such as Tylenol, in order to enhance pain relief and to slowly decrease the use of narcotics overtime (Lewis, 2014). Mrs R was explained to always follow the right dosage of medication to optimize the narcotic results. A complete assessment of pain should be performed: PQRST. Pain is a subjective concept and the patient must describe the pain in order to provide an effective care plan (Jarvis, 2013). Responses to pain medication should be documented to facilitate communication between health care providers, therefore to maximise effective pain management strategies (Lewis, 2014). The use of non-pharmacological therapy for pain is also recommended to Mrs R because it helps reduce the dose of an analgesic/opiod required to control pain and helps to minimize analgesic side effects, and also promote the release of endorphins which inhibit pain signals (NCBI, 2010). Mrs R is encouraged to use distraction such as watching TV, listening to the radio/music, which redirect the attention on something and away of the pain. Imagery can also be proposed to divert the focus away from the pain by stimulating the client’s imagination to develop sensory images. Relaxation strategies can also be used to help Mrs R to be free of her anxiety and stress, and to reduce muscle tension (Lewis,

Ice or cold therapy should be applied throughout the rehabilitation process. Apply ice for 15 minutes every hour initially for the first day then reduce this to 4 to 5 times a day from then on as required. Do not apply directly to the skin as this may cause ice burns. Using ice wrapped in a wet towel or cold pack can avoid this. In the first stage ice will constrict blood vessels and prevent further bleeding. Long-term benefits include reduction of pain and muscle spasm. Ice should not be used for longer than 15 minutes as prolonged cooling has the reverse effect of increasing blood flow and long periods of cooling can also cause nerve injury. Ice therapy should be used throughout the rehabilitation process to control inflammation, but only in 15-minute sessions each time.

In this article published in the journal Dyanmics, also known as the journal for the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses, the authors review a retrospective cohort regarding the barriers for time to target temperature management in cardiac arrest patients who are treated with therapeutic hypothermia. The article authored by a both registerd nurses and medical doctors open by reviewing the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia. The article reviews two randomized controlled trials that showed that therapeutic hypothermia when compared to no intervention correlated with improved neurological survival in patients after cardiac arrest. Therapeutic hypothermia has a direct relation to patient survival with intact neurologic function; however

The strength of this recommendation is inconclusive. As practitioners, we should have minimum restraint in following this recommendation and should be on the lookout for new evidence in addition to strongly listening to patient preference. This recommendation is based upon three RCT’s. Two of these studies were of high strength and one was of moderate strength with regard to quality. All three of these studies had moderate applicability. In these studies, pain improvement was not consistently statistical significant (MD = .81, 95% CI -1.76, .14; MD = 2.26, p<.001; MD = -.82, 95% CI -1.247, -.39), and neither was function (MD = 3, 95% CI -1.05, 7.05; MD = 6.54, p=.001). In addition, the authors concluded the clinical significance of these findings were

Many processes happen within the human body in regards to exercise and pain. One major complaint within athletics is muscle soreness caused by exercise. Muscle soreness can affect performance negatively during activity. Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a sub-type of soreness that intensifies after twenty-four to forty-eight hours post exercise. It is thought to be caused by small tears in the muscle tissues, inflammation, or it could be due to the disruption of connective tissue of the muscle tissue, stiffness (Prentice, 2009, p. 273). CWI is thought to decrease the effects of DOMS and promote an active recovery by decreasing inflammation and metabolism, which can slow down the physiological responses of injury. (Knight and Draper, 2013, p. 214)

Pain is the way the body communicates and lets us know that there is something wrong that needs attention. The brain processes that sensation into information and that leads us to take action. If it is a natural part of our beings and is necessary then why do we do all we can to suppress it? There is a fine line between pain that is needed to help with function and pain that is there that disturbs homeostasis. There is also a question of is pain real or is it all in the mind. Pain and being able to manage it, is a very big component in the perioperative setting. It is triggered differently and is unique to each person this make treating pain just as unique. This paper will discuss pain management in the pre-operative, intra-operative and post- operative settings.

Hypothermia is a common problem in surgical patients. Up to 70% of patients experience some degree of hypothermia that is undergoing anesthetic surgery. Complications include but are not limited to wound infections, myocardial ischemia, and greater oxygen demands. The formal definition of hypothermia is when the patient’s core body temperature drops below 36 degrees Celsius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to synthesize what studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the effects of pre-operative warming of patient’s postoperative temperatures. I will discuss consistencies and contradictions in the literature, and offer possible explanations for the inconsistencies.

In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Biff is depicted as the deceitful, self-sacrificing, lost son of protagonist Willy Loman. From a young age Biff exhibited deceitful characteristics, especially when he stole a football from the locker room. In addition, Biff continued his behavior when he stole lumber and later a carton of basketballs from his boss, Bill Oliver. Despite this behavior, Biff vindicates his deceitful behavior with his self-sacrificing traits. For example, upon learning about the condition of his father in reference to his mental state, Biff decides to remain in the city although he despises it and states, ¨I hate this city and I’ll stay here.¨ Additionally, he offers to give his parents half of his pay. However,

The bible teaches us many things about God. From Genesis and Exodus we can learnwhat the Judeo-Christian view of God was. Genesis shows us that God made the sun, the moon,the earth and every living thing. During the days of creation God made all things good. On theseventh day of creation God rested and declared all he made to be very good (Genesis 1:31). God created human beings in his own image. We as humans can be certain of our owndignity and self worth because we have been created in the image of God. The book of Genesisshows us that people disobey God by choosing to do wrong. Even great bible heros failed Godand disobeyed him. The bible teaches us that God is forgiving. God has many attributes. God makes no mistakes and this is wisdom. God is infinite, heknows

To ensure this does not occur it is recommended that the ice pack is wrapped in something such as a towel to create a barrier between the skin and the pack. It is also recommended that the pack does not stay on for longer than 20 minutes and to allow the skin to recovery between treatment a 1-2 hour break be is necessary. It is said that the safest temperature for treatment ranges between 7-11°C8,9. Therefore to create an effective instant cold pack it must reach between 7-11°C and stay at a reasonable temperature for 20 minutes.

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Socrates asks Glaucon to imagine a cave where the prisoners have been since their childhood. One of the prisoners breaks free and leaves the cave. The sun blinds him because his eyes were accustomed to the dark. When the prisoner was removed from the cave and brought into the world, the disorientation would be even harsher; the light of the sun would be even more vivid than the fire. But as his eye adjust, the freed prisoner would be able to observe beyond the shadows. As he begins to comprehend his new world, and sees that the sun is the source of life and goes on an intellectual journey where he discovers beauty and meaning. He sees aspects and reflections in the water. I would believe after he spends some

The major concepts of this theory are defined theoretically since the use of these definitions is from a broader theoretic concept. Therefore, an operational concept could be developed from them. There is consistency in the use of these concepts throughout the theory of acute pain management with examples given using the same language as well as maintaining the integrity of the concepts.

According to John Hopkins Medicine (n.d.), pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong. It can be fixed, throbbing, stabbing, aching, pinching, or described in many other ways. Pain is categorized as either acute or chronic. Acute pain is usually severe and brief, and is often a signal that your body has been injured. Chronic pain can vary from mild to severe and is there for long periods of time (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d). This paper will discuss a scenario that entails which person is experiencing the most pain, how two people can have the same procedure experience different levels of pain, factors that contribute to each person’s pain level, and two complementary/alternative methods of pain control.