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Comparative Education

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France has a highly organized educational system, which is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary (college) education. Primary and secondary education is usually imparted at public schools although a strong network of private schools also exists. All educational programs in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education.
Schooling in France is mandatory as of age 6, the first year of primary school while secondary education consists of collège for the first four years after primary school and the lycée for the next three years. The baccalauréat is the end-of-lycée diploma that students must attain and is comparable to British A-Levels and American SATs. Students have a choice of sitting for the baccalauréat général …show more content…

Under the pressure of a massive rise in number pupils in middle and high schools, project pedagogy was presented as a possible solution to meeting the needs of the diversity of pupils, addressing their individual needs, and developing pupil autonomy (Ginestié, 2002). It was in this context, in 1985, that technology education was introduced in France as a part of science and technology education in elementary schools, as a new subject for all pupils in middle schools and as an optional subject in high schools. We can note four stages of organization of technology education between 1985 and today.
1.1.2 1985-1991: the implementation of the first curriculum
Technology education was conceived of as a new subject and took the place of
MTE (manual and technical education) in terms of hours, classrooms, and teachers.
The curriculum emphasized the industrial environment, leaving little room for home economics and craftsmanship (COPRET, 1984). It had two different elements that made these references plain. On the one hand, the general part of the course described the overall goals, context, and aims of technology education in France.
The aims were in terms of pupils' attitudes towards technology (as related in many papers, e.g. de Vries, 1994; Jones, 1997; Compton & Jones, 1998; Gardner & Hill,
1999; Dugger, 2000) and in terms of the social and professional world of industrial production (this idea can also be found in many papers

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