Compare A Color Change From Purple To Brown And The Formation Of Precipitate

The objective of this lab was to create a ketone through an oxidation reaction using a using a secondary alcohol and oxidizing agent in order to use that ketone in a reduction reaction with a specific reducing agent to determine the affect of that reducing agent on the diastereoselectivity of the product. In the first part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was reacted with NaOCl, an oxidizing agent, and acetic acid to form 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. In the second part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was reacted with a reducing agent, either NaBH4 in EtOH or Al(OiPr)3 in iPrOH, to form the product 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the cis:trans ratio of the OH relative to the tert-butyl group in the product formed from the reduction reaction with each reducing agent. Thin-layer chromatography was used in both the oxidation and reduction steps to ensure that each reaction ran to completion.

During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.

In this experiment, the goal is to prepare a Grignard reagent from an unknown aryl halide and identify the identity of the aryl halide by converting it to a carboxylic acid to determine its melting point and molar mass (determined by titration). The experiment began by dissolving 0.25g of magnesium powder in a 25mL round-bottom with 5mL of anhydrous ether and stirring with a stir bar. Then the round-bottom flask was set up for reflux using a Claisen adapter where the vertical part is covered with a septum to prevent air from mixed with the solution. The septum is very important because the Grignard product can react with oxygen to produces a carboxylic acid, which is not wanted. Also, the choice of anhydrous solvent is important because the Grignard product can react with water to produce an alkane. With the reflux set up, the next step was to add the halide. 1.2mL of the unknown bromoarene mixed with 2.5mL ether was slowly added dropwise through the septum using the needle and syringe. The bromoarene had to be added slowly because there Grignard product would undergo another unwanted side reaction by reacting with the unknown bromoarene. The product with be a new carbon-carbon bond between the unknown bromoarene and the Grignard product. If the bromoarene is added slowly, the chances of the Grignard product reacting with the bromoarene over the magnesium is low because magnesium exists in larger concentration in the solution. Once all the unknown bromoarene

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group, Br – versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group, 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent, 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol.

It was not until the mid-1850s that Brown submitted himself to toppling subjection by power. What were the variables that changed Brown, as of now in his fifties, into an uncompromising fomenter for servitude's abrogation? The answer lies in the meeting of individual and political components, including a progression of individual adversities, dissatisfactions, and tragedies that finished in the mid 1850s. In the mid 1840s, Brown was pronounced bankrupt, ousted from his ranch, and lost four kids to looseness of the bowels in a solitary month. Later in the 1840s and the mid 1850s, his inconveniences proceeded. Cocoa was isolated from his family for delayed timeframes, he lost another kid (the aftereffect of singing), a few children deserted their

In this experiment, two different reactions will be occurring to see what will be produced in the final product. The first reaction, also known as reaction A, deals with reagents such as 1-butanol, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, and sulfuric acid. The ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, and sulfuric acid are mixed in water and is called the pre-made nucleophile solution. The 1-butanol will serve as the electrophile in the reaction. The second reaction, which is called reaction B, deals with the same reactants but the electrophile is the 2-methyl-2-propanol.

The point of the experiment was to determine whether the chemical mixture will form a precipitate. The first step was to combine compound 1 and compound 2. After mixing them together, if a solid was created, a precipitate formed. Also for many of the chemical mixtures, the color changed. Silver Nitrate + Sodium Chloride created a precipitate.

Abstract: The identification and characterization of unknowns are an important part of organic chemistry. It is fundamental to know experimental methods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a series of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96 C), performing a solubility test, Beilstien test, Ignition test, and the appropriate functional group tests. An infrared spectrum and an NMR spectrum were then obtained and confirmation of the compound was proved.

However, tap water was used instead because distilled water wasn’t available during the experiment. It was determined that the compound was insoluble because it wasn’t clear and it was incapable of dissolving since most of the compound stayed at the bottom of the test tube. The second confirmatory test tested the compound’s reactivity to hydrochloric acid (HCI) in which 5 drops of hydrochloric acid were added to a well that contained the compound. It was observed that there was an instant reaction of fizzing and bubbling.

For this experiment, Gas Chromatography (GC) is utilized to observe the streo- and regiochemistry among four elimination products under either basic or acidic conditions. The reagents used in this experiment include primary and secondary alcohols which are in acidic conditions and dehydrobromintion of primary and secondary alkyl halides in basic conditions. When reacted the gas products are collected and undergo further analysis in the GC which will separate the product into its components and will show the different distributions among the product. Theory

Throughout life a person can transform for the good or bad. No one person is destined to stay the same forever. In the novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker, the main character Celie changed in a major way. Celie was born in a poor family and was uneducated for most of her life. She was abused physically, mentally, and emotionally by her stepfather. When her stepfather forced her to marry Mr.______’s all the abuse continued. When Celie first arrived at Mr._______’s home she was so scared and weak. Celie never stood up for herself because of the fear of getting beat. She started to think getting beat by your husband was normal, she even started advising others to do it. For example, she says “Harpo ast me what he ought to do to her to make

In this experiment, the objective is to use an acidic catalyst to make 2-methyl-2-butanol undergo an E1 reaction and to use gas chromatography to analyze the remaining mixture of alkenes. Elimination reactions are ones that focus on the removal of a molecule, without replacement. There are two different elimination reaction mechanisms, E1 and E2. Both reaction mechanisms involve the removal of a molecule, leaving group, and a double bond (pi bond) being formed. In this experiment, an E1 reaction is performed by using sulfuric acid as a catalyst which dehydrates the 2-methy-2-butanol.

For this experiment, nucleophilic substitution was first observed. The 2-methyl-2-butanol was converted into 2-chloro-2-methylbutane by using an SN1 reaction. The alcohol on the 2-methyl-2-butanol was a tertiary alcohol. To form a good leaving group since the hydroxide ion is a bad leaving group, the tertiary alcohol was protonated with HCl, but since it consists of a fully substituted carbon atom from the carbon oxygen bond, an SN2 displacement cannot occur. Therefore, water is the leaving group that disassociates and leaves a relatively stable tertiary carbocation behind.

This experiment was performed to determine the rate constant k, for hydrolysis of tertiary butyl chloride to tertiary butanol. The solvent system for this reaction is 45% isopropyl alcohol and 55% water. The rate of hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride is measured by the decrease in the concentration of this reagent with time. The rate of decomposition of t-butyl chloride must be equal to the rate of formation of hydrochloric acid. The rate of hydrochloric acid formation was measured by titrating the acid produced with a base, NaOH.

To observe a chemical reaction and to use qualitative and quantitative evidence to identify this reaction from among four possibilities.