Compare And Contrast Neurotransmitters And Hormones

The endocrine system includes of specific tissues and glands which secrete chemical messengers to the body called hormones. The glands are aided by the nervous system and chemical receptors in the blood and other hormones produced by other glands. Hormones regulate many functions of the body such as cellular metabolism, reproduction, sugar and mineral homeostasis and digestion.

Among various types of organ systems, the nervous system is one of the most important one in human body. It is responsible for producing, controlling and guiding our thoughts and responses to the world around us according to James W. Pennebaker (2012). During embryological development, the cells that form nervous system are incredibly specialised and work complexly than the cells that form skin or other body parts. Neurosecretory cells are one of the examples of specialised nervous system cells that produce neurosecretions. Neurosecretions are hormones which carry information from sensor cells to target cells and they can be released directly into the bloodstream

The nervous system uses sensory receptors, nerves and your brain to control your cells, and acts quickly. The endocrine system uses your circulatory system and hormones to care for your cells and acts more slowly. The reproductive system and endocrine systems use hormones to function. The nervous and endocrine systems are connected by sending information to the hypothalamus and uses the autonomic nervous system to transmit what activity needs to take place in the body. This activity might be what hormones are needed, or what sensations the body feels. While the nervous and endocrine systems send information to the hypothalamus, the reproductive system receives information from the hypothalamus. So all three systems do work together, although

Experts believe bipolar disorder is caused by an underlying problem with specific brain circuits and the balance of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters (WebMD). There are five brain chemicals noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphin. Noradrenaline and serotonin are the most common chemicals linked to psychiatric mood disorders such as depression and bipolar (WebMD). Dopamine is linked to the pleasure system in the brain (WebMD). When a disruption happens to the dopamine system connects to psychosis and schizophrenia (WebMD). If there is too much dopamine in one place, it can cause psychosis. Dopamine motivates us (Deans, 2011). Dopamine is linked to everything, metabolism, evolution, and the brain (Dean, 2011). Serotonin is connected to many different body functions including sleep, wakefulness, eating and impulsivity (WebMD). Researchers believe that abnormal brain functioning of brain circuits that involve serotonin as a chemical messenger contributes to mood disorders (WebMD). Oxytocin is a hormone commonly associated with childbirth and breastfeeding. Oxytocin plays a critical role in social and emotional behavior. Oxytocin increases the susceptibility to feeling fearful and anxious during stressful events (NWU, 2013).

Examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, noradrenaline, and acetylchline. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system. And They are transported by blood to target cells. Organs that produce and secrete hormones are called glands. Hormones are able to stimulate a set of cells that are located somewhere else and have no direct connection with their glands. There are four types of hormones hormonal amine, glycoprotein, steroids, and eicosanoid. The main endocrine glands that release hormones are ovaries, testes, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal. And each gland releases a specific hormone to help regulate the body activities. ("Difference Between Neurotransmitters and Hormones - Siang's Page!" Difference Between Neurotransmitters and Hormones - Siang's Page! N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec.

|  These are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another neuron. Most neurotransmitters are about the size of larger proteins or peptides.

Most people usually think of the brain or heart being the most important part of our body. While they are indeed important, they would be entirely useless if certain substances called neurotransmitters didn’t exist. Neurotransmitters are substances in our body that carry signals from one nerve cell to another. Without these neurotransmitters in our body, we wouldn’t receive crucial signals such as telling our heart to beat. Six of the most common neurotransmitters in our body are dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

The endocrine system is slower than the nervous system because hormones must travel through the circulatory system to reach their target.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals made by neurons and used by them to transmit signals to the other neurons or non-neuronal cells (e.g., skeletal muscle; myocardium, pineal glandular cells) that they innervate. The neurotransmitters produce their effects by being released into synapses when their neuron of origin fires (i.e., becomes depolarized) and then attaching to receptors in the membrane of the post-synaptic cells. This causes changes in the fluxes of particular ions across that membrane, making cells more likely to become depolarized, if the neurotransmitter happens to be excitatory, or less likely if it is inhibitory.

It is also a target of various different neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters that contribute to regulation of hair follicle growth, pigmentation, and energy metabolism. A large number of additional neurotransmitters have been discovered. One of these important groups is known as the neuropeptides. The neuropeptides function as neuromodulators and neurotransmitters. Not only do neuropeptides function as transmitters, but also as neuromodulators. Neuromodulators are referred to as a process where a given neuron is using one or more chemicals in order to regulate diverse populations of

Hormones are also a type of proteins and functions as chemical signaling molecules . These proteins are secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes which include growth development, metabolism, and reproduction. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas and helps to regulate blood glucose levels. In response to insulin, muscle cells, red blood cells and fat cells take glucose in from the blood which ultimately lowers high blood glucose levels back to the normal

As the message arrives at the end of the nerves, the message is transmitted to the muscles. Before the message is transmitted to the muscles it has to pass the space between the end of the nerve and the muscle, and that space is called neuromuscular junction. The message is transmitted from the brain to the end of the nerve and from the nerve to the neuromuscular junction, and when the message arrives the chemical called neurotransmitters are released.

Two more facts about the sympathetic nervous system are the synapse in the sympathetic ganglion, uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. The synapse of the postganglionic neuron with the target organ uses the neurotransmitter called norepinephrine. There is one exception to this, the sympathetic postganglionic neuron that terminates on the sweat glands uses acetylcholine.

The endocrine system in the human body stores a chemical known as hormones. Hormones are released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body carrying messages. A hormonal impulse is similar to a nerve impulse only much slower. The messages carried by the hormones trigger different behaviors. Hormones can affect behavior in many ways such as: Mental activity or tiredness, boredom or excitement, sexual

In our brain daily functions, the neurons transmit messages from one and other in the form of neurotransmitters, a chemical reaction