Comparing Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

Introduction The endosymbiotic theory is an evolutionary theory explaining the origin of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic, and is at present; the most widely accepted evolutionary theory of the Eukaryotic cell. The theory explains the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts and their double membranes, suggesting that chloroplasts and mitochondria represent formerly free-living bacteria that were taken into a cell as an endosymbiont. Molecular evidence suggests that mitochondria developed from proteobacteria

All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic building blocks for all units of life and can be characterised into two distinct types: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are the oldest and most primitive forms of life and can be distinguished from eukaryotes as they lack a distinct nucleus. Prokaryotes can be further classified into two domains: bacteria and archaea. Together, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes make up what is known as ‘The three domains of life” which divides all

distinct group comparing to others. Viruses have similar characteristic as a living organism, but it also lack some of the element that a living organism have. Viruses are a hereditary material that may be single strand genome, or other may contain a double strand genome which is ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid. Viruses are very small species, when a virus is not in contact with a cell, it is just a protein that contains a genome. In the other hand, when it is in contact with a cell, it will

host ranges, vector specificities, and genome organizations. Characteristics of geminiviruses include their circular, single-stranded DNA genome and geminate-shaped virus particles. These viruses-- exhibit both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features-- replicate in the nuclei of the host cell and depend on host machineries for transcription [1]. The majority of the Old World begomoviruses have monopartite genomes while the New World begomoviruses are exclusively bipartite. [3] Whiteflies, often found

(DNA) is a macromolecule that has the power of carrying the genetic information for all the proteins that make up an organism and controls their quantity of production. It is known to be located inside the nucleus in all eukaryotic cells, but lies in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells (1, 3). In 1953, Watson and Crick came up with a model to describe the structure of DNA as a double-helix containing two chains that have opposite endings labeled 5’ and 3’, and an anti-parallel orientation, meaning that

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid, or rRNA, is the principle component of the ribosome and is crucial in the development of proteins for living cells. Approximately 80-85% of a cell’s total RNA is made up of rRNA. The low molecular weight transfer RNA (tRNA), which aids in bringing amino acids to the site of ribosomal translation, comprises only 15-20%. The remaining 1-5% is made up by messenger RNA (mRNA), which is essentially the encoding blueprint for the synthesis of a given protein. Proteins are

essay is to find out if Archaea and Bacteria should be classified as two different Domains or as a single one. As bacteria and archaea both are microscopic and prokaryotic. These two prokaryotes are very abundant on Earth and inhabit a wide spread of areas, also including extreme ones. Both are an example of the most ancient living cells, which have appeared over 3.5 billion years ago. Correct classification of these two organisms is important in order to trace the evolutionary history from the very

Form bones & muscle. Transport substances in & out of cells. Fight off disease. (Immune System) Enzymes Nucleic Acids C, H, O, N, P Nucleotides Stores genetic material DNA RNA 6. What is the function of an enzyme? Acts as a biological catalyst, speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction 7. How

evidence that supports the theory, including further examples of endosymbiosis. The theory, as discussed by Lynn Margulis, states that mitochondria originated from α-proteobacteria bacterium which was engulfed by the ancestral anaerobic eukaryotic cell, through endocytosis, and retained within the cytoplasm due to atmospheric oxygen increase. Prokaryote organism produced ATP, through oxidative phosphorylation, by receiving organic compounds from

mitosis and meiosis. This lab was done by observing mitosis in plant and animal cells, comparing the relative lengths of the stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells, stimulating the stages of meiosis, observing evidence of crossing-over in meiosis using Sordaria fimicola, and estimating the distance of a gene locus from its centromere. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division, where the nucleus of the cell divides, resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompanied