Essay on Conflict, Disarray, and War in Democratic Republic of Congo

Many countries around the world receive foreign aid from the United States and other developed countries every year in large sums. This money is dispersed throughout the receiving country, it is the hope of the United States that this will help to create development economically and politically as well as promote the belief of democracy in these countries. The aid is intended to enhance infrastructure within the country so local institutions will be able to create policies to enhance their country. However, this does not always occur in the countries that receive this aid. This is specifically not the case in countries in sub-Saharan Africa that have won their freedom from colonial powers in the last 50 years. The issue of foreign aid in Africa is a major debate that is taking place in the world today most likely because of the lack of developed democratic regimes that exist on the continent today, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The key obstacle to OBOR in Africa is the state of constant warfare experienced throughout the continent. For as far as can be remembered, war and conflicts have burdened Africa's development. The five types of conflicts that have afflicted Africa include anti-colonial, imperial, international, inter-state and intra-state conflicts. Up to today, many countries in Africa have experienced/are experiencing wars of "regime change" with the Democratic Republic of Congo being a perfect case study, as well as the "War of Devolution" of Greater Sudan that led to the North and South divide. As time passed, South Sudan has also started experiencing its own internal war in what was called "inter-communal insurrection". In addition, African states such

This paper assess the positive and negative effects that peace and war, respectively, have on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing country Sierra Leone. Next I will analyze the specific actions that the leadership of the selected Sierra Leone has taken, through the use of its foreign aid from donor nations and international lending institutions, to relieve the severe problems caused by warfare. Lastly I will discuss whether or not the extension of foreign aid has successfully reduced poverty and the incidence of warfare in Sierra Leone.

A brief history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) consists of civil war and corruption. In 1960 they achieved Independence, which was followed up by a civil war and a temporary fragmentation of the country. In 1965 Mobutu Sese Seko seized power. Then in 1997 rebels ousted Mobutu and Laurent Kabila becomes president. From 1997 until 2003 there was another civil war, pulling in several surrounding countries (Africa's first world war). From 2003 to 2016 conflict persisted in the east, where there are still armed groups. In 2006 the first free election in four decades took place. Joseph Kabila won the run-off vote. In 2015 at least 30 were killed in protests against proposed changes to the electoral law (AFP). The law was designed to

Congo often tripped in matters of security, a lot of wars and violence in the area. Because of the many natural resources of Congo have, many European countries which fighting to reclaim the area. Not just a war because of the struggle for power, but Congo is often experienced a civil war. In addition to the war in Congo, women in Congo often get violent, as well as physical violence and sexual abuse. This time the war occurred because of Congo does not allow refugees from the genocide in Rwanda to evacuate in the Congo, that's when armed groups are formed. Congo against the Tutsi and other groups to emerge. At this time the death toll reached 5 million people. Not long after Congo signed an agreement to make peace, but weak government and

Not only did Rwanda suffer more massacres (some directed at Hutu) between 1995 and 1998, but Burundi’s civil war continued until 2006. Perhaps worst of all, Eastern Congo after 1996 became the epicenter of what many scholars have dubbed “Africa’s World War The 1994 genocide took the lives of an estimated 800,000 Rwandans, the vast majority of them Tutsi. This genocide–and the world’s utter abandonment of the Rwandan people–should never be forgotten. But nor should we overlook the political and ethnic violence that preceded and followed the genocide, whether in Rwanda, Burundi, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. One can only hope that the next 20 years will be kinder to a region that has suffered so much over the past

4.2. I thought that providing foreign aid was mainly effective and had in upward trend. Though I also believe that foreign aid is most effective in only specific scenarios for this trend to be true. Foreign aid should be provided in methods that make the country utilize it for purposes that would prove to be self-efficient.

Many countries around the world receive foreign aid from the United States and other developed countries every year in large sums. This money is dispersed throughout the receiving country, it is the hope of the United States that this will help to create development economically and politically as well as promote the belief of democracy in these countries. The aid is intended to enhance infrastructure within the country so local institutions will be able to create policies to enhance their country. However, this does not always occur in the countries that receive this aid. This is specifically not the case in countries in sub-Saharan Africa that have won their freedom from colonial powers in the last 50 years. The issue of foreign aid in Africa is a major debate that is taking place in the world today most likely because of the lack of developed democratic regimes that exist on the continent today, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Despite several wars and international intervention, the Democratic Republic of Congo is plagued by local violence that has prevented development. Two conflicts in the province of Ituri demonstrate this local violence. The first occurred in 1999 and was a local dispute over land ownership in the wake of Belgian-colonialism. The second occurred in tandem with national violence all over the Congo but was made worst due to previous land disputes, such as that in 1999. Furthermore, it is important to note that the 2004 conflict occurred during the Second Congo war, but it had a decidedly local context. While the Ugandan and Rwandan governments were involved in the conflict at an arm’s length, they prolonged the conflict rather than started it (Human Rights 2003).

Humanitarian interventions are more problematic to ‘win’ than traditional wars as the criteria for success include bringing about a stable peace. This requires long term focus and resources as well as sufficient military force. The interveners’ attention tend to go back to their national projects, leaving under-resourced UN/NGO teams to piece together states which may never be viable. This is why most humanitarian interventions ‘fail’.

In the denotation of foreign aid takes many definitions in different literature, but as Tarp provided it is government transfers from donor countries to under developed or poor countries. That is intended for promoting development and reducing poverty, although there may be other aims of giving aid. As there are major trend of foreign aid and most reasonable issues that foreign aid fluctuated in different years, therefore the paper will look back the trend of foreign aid and it’s changes in globally that has started from 1940s one of the major trend of foreign aid that happened in the world was European recovery programs known as marshal plan which its main aim was assistance from United states of America to recover Europe.

This essay aims to scrutinate the effectiveness of Operation Artemis which is an European peacekeeping mission in the Democratic republic of Congo. The civil war in this middle region of Africa, which occurred after the Iraq war, saw the situation spiralling out of hands with the futile efforts by other international peacekeeping forces. Then the European Union decided to step in and curb the crisis. ’Operation Artemis’ was the very first peacekeeping force led by the EU, which tried to bring order in the Ituri region of Congo (DRC) for three months. The first part of the essay would pitch into the mission itself. Firstly a brief background will be presented which will help shed light on the background of the region and the challenged that

For observers of the West Africa regional war, the recent calm in the war-torn Mano River Union (MRU) states Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea has given rise to optimism. Guarded, as this optimism might be, the decrease in violence in West Africa during the second half of 2001 is an important development given the scope and intensity of fighting that gripped these states earlier in the year. While observers agree that the current absence of widespread violent conflict in the MRU is a much-welcomed development, it must not mask the profound cleavages within these societies, the tenuous nature of the UN-imposed peace in Sierra Leone, and the continued serious threat of renewed warfare in the region. A brief

Central Africa Republic is in the middle of a war brought on by its own people. Muslims and Christian’s battle back and forth aggressively killing one another and inputting fear into many. Humanitarians have been risking their lives attempting to stop the chaos and bring the country back to order. Organizations like the United Nations and UNICEF are doing their part to provide for the refugees, while individuals like Peter Bouckaert and Samantha Power are meeting with rebel leaders encouraging peace.

In recent years, multilateral institutions and governments have devoted increased attention to the challenges of international conflict prevention, peacekeeping, and post-conflict peace-building. However, conflicts continue to emerge and many of them turn violent. These deadly conflicts have led to widespread devastation and regional instabilities, as well as large numbers of refugees. The international community’s instruments that have been designed in the wake of the genocide and atrocities in Rwanda and Bosnia in the 1990s, to prevent the outbreak of violent conflict or end fighting have remain unwieldy and, at times, ineffective (Cramer 2006).