Corporate Governance : Notes On Corporate Management

Nowadays Corporation has become one of the very powerful institution around the world. They have reached everywhere across the globe with different sizes and capabilities. The governance of corporate has a major effect on economies. There is a huge loss of trust from shareholders and the market value is affected tremendously. Due to the globalization, the govern role has lessen which means more need for accountability. (Crane and Matten, 2007) Corporate governance has become an important factor in managing organizations in the current global and complex environment. Corporate governance a set of processes and structures for controlling and directing an organization. It constitutes a set of rules, which governs the relationships (Middle Eastern Finance and Economics - Issue 4, 2009) between management, shareholders and stakeholders (Ching 2006). Currently, due to the corporate failures corporate are scared to admit it. It includes various and all kinds of organizations and its definition could cover various economical and non-economic activities. It is important to keep in mind the influences firm have and by which its effected in order to have better understanding of governance. In this

Corporate governance is a set of actions used to handle the relationship between stakeholders by determining and controlling the strategic direction and performance of the organization. Corporate governance major concern is making sure that the strategic decisions are effective and that it paves the way towards strategic competitiveness. (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310). In today’s corporation, the primary objective of corporate governance is to align top-level manager’s and stakeholders interest. That is why corporate governance is involved when there is a conflict of interest between with the owners, managers, and members of the board of directors (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310-311).

Corporate governance is a critical concept in the commercial world of today with the idea originating initially from the U.S. The importance of corporate governance is made more considerable due to the increasing influence and consequences companies have on the daily lives of individuals and making up a large proportion of economic activity. Corporate governance can be shortly described as the whole framework within which companies operate. It is most likely the case that the shareholder value principle was not the only part of corporate governance which contributed to the

Corporate governance in itself has no single definition but common principles which it should follow. For example in 1994 the most agreed term for corporate governance was “the process of supervision and control intended to ensure that the company’s management acts in accordance with the interest of shareholders” (Parkinson, 1994)1. Corporate governance code is not a direct set of rules but a self-regulated framework which businesses choose to follow. This code has continued to change in the past 20 years in accordance with what is happening in the business world. For example the Enron scandal caused reform in corporate governance with the Higgs Report which corrected the issues which were necessary. Although it does not quickly fix problems, it gives a better framework to

Corporate governance can be defined as the process, customs, laws by which the affairs of a company are managed and controlled it also

Like de Kluyver argued in his publish (A primer on Corporate Governance, 2009), “there is a presumption that, in making a business decision, the directors acted on an informed basis, in good faith, and in the honest belief that the action was taken in the best interest of the corporation.” However, even though the bar has been set, the definition of “best interest of the corporation” is open for every business directors to interpret. In the case of Enron, the rule had been bent so hard that it finally broke. The company was originally established as an energy provider in the US. In 1970s, the CEO of Enron seized the chance of US energy market deregulation and navigated the company into a new and attractive business – energy trading.

In other words, corporate governance is a set of regulations with which a company is administrated and controlled. The need for corporate governance stems from the loose commitments which determine the relationships between the principal and the

Due to a significant number of large company scandals and collapses internationally in recent years, for example, Robert Maxwell, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) in the UK and Lehman Bros, WorldCom in the US. These has raised an attention to the importance of corporate governance. According to the definition of “Corporate Governance” by The Economic Times (2009). It is “Corporate governance refers to the set of systems, principles and processes by which a company is governed. They provide the guidelines as to how the company can be directed or controlled such that it can fulfil its goals and objectives in a manner that adds to the value of the company and is also beneficial for all stakeholders in the long term.” The main purpose of corporate

Corporate governance is an increasingly important topic in this age of globalisation, it is a global occurrence which in turn makes the subject complex, with issues of ownership, cultural, legal and other structural differences being involved. From this broad scope, it is discernible that the functions of the board are inseparable from the topic of corporate governance and in turn what effect these have and will potentially have on the share price in the future.

Ownership has become increasingly complex, with corporate governance frameworks meant to minimise agency issues, arising through the separation of ownership and control. In lieu of high profile collapses and the global financial crisis, governments have seen fit to introduce mechanisms aiming at governing the modern corporation, in an effort to quell any further issues.

Over the past few decades the term ‘corporate governance’ has become quite commonplace, with considerable debate arising as to the intersection between ‘corporate governance’ and ‘regulation. The scope and content of corporate governance in and of itself is quite wide, capturing ‘the structures, processes and systems, both formal and informal, by which power is exercised, constrained, monitored and accounted for in the management of a corporation’.

Corporate governance generally refers to processes by which the organizations are directed, controlled and held to account and is underpinned by principles of openness, integrity and accountability.[1]

Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. Corporate Governance is important because it is part of the institutional infrastructure (laws, regulations, institutions and enforcement mechanisms) underlying sound economic performance.

Corporate governance is the set of rules and processes used by the top management to direct and control the business. It is important to have corporate governance because it provides a framework and control measures of the triple bottom line of the business and provides the interest of all stakeholders such as the shareholders, employees, customers and management.

In the current years, public becomes more and more concerned with the company’s corporate governance. The reason is that it is not enough for a company to just focus on