Critical Appraisal Paper

The timing of position changes for pressure ulcer prevention is very limited in the studies that were researched. A study found that adults who were frequently turned every two to three hours did not develop as much pressure ulcers compared to those who were turned less regularly (Lyder

20). Further, the presence of pressure ulcers places a burden on patients and their family (Grinspun, 2005, p.21). As recommended by Grinspun (2005), pillows and foam wedges to separate prominences of the body and lifting devices have been beneficial to avoid friction (p. 32). Research suggests that the majority of pressure ulcers can be avoided. Although, the population at risk likely suffers from the possible contributors, as stated repositioning at least every 2 hours or sooner was effective (Grinspun, 2005, p. 32). When practicing I will reposition patients at appropriate times to reduce the risk of damage to the skin. Additionally, when moving a patient up in bed, I will request adequate assistance from other nursing staff to use a lifting device. This will help to avoid friction while the patient is being moved, ultimately reducing the development of pressure

The qualitative article being appraised is by Martin and Woods (2012) using the CASP tool qualitative framework (CASP 2013). These tools have been validated to ensure that studies can be assessed in a consistent way assessing the trustworthiness of the research article (Aveyard, 2014)

Does Frequent Repositioning Result in Faster Recovery and Decreased Risk of Developing Pressure Ulcers in Bedridden Patients?

assess its validity, results, and relevance. (Hill, 2001) Critical appraisal of research is preformed by clinicians prior to using it to make healthcare decisions. The critical appraisal process systematically finds, appraises, and acts on evidence based research after thorough review. The use of

Upon admission to a hospital, a patient may be at risk for numerous hospital-acquired conditions. Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores or “bed sores”, are a type of hospital-acquired condition that may develop during a hospital admission if proper risk assessment is not performed by a registered nurse (RN). Pressure ulcers form over bony prominences, such as the back, heel, ischium, sacrum, and elbow, when circulation of these prominences is impaired (Jarvis, 2012). Pressure ulcers may develop when a person is confined to a bed or immobilized, which impedes proper delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the skin resulting in cell death (Jarvis, 2012). Pressure ulcers are divided into four stages. In stage I, a nonblanchable redness of intact skin appears that does not disappear for 24 hours after pressure is relieved. In stage II, there is partial-thickness erosion of the epidermis or the dermis layer of the skin. Full-thickness pressure ulcers are a stage III ulcer, which extend into subcutaneous tissue. Lastly, stage IV pressure ulcers involve all skin layers and may expose muscle, tendon or bone. Pressure ulcers can be prevented if risk assessment is performed and at-risk individuals are identified (DeLaune & Ladner, 2011).

The purpose of this research by Sanderson, Kearney, Kissell, & Salisbury (2016) was to evaluate the use of video-recorded clinical practice effectiveness in providing feedback to students and instructors. The first objective was to assess dental hygiene students’ ability to self-assess correctly. The second objective was to determine how effective clinical instructors graded students in real time. Self-evaluation is a critical element in the dental hygiene profession, because it allows for successful growth and development.

The benchmark of the validity of the findings of a study is evident in the research

This study is based on preterm infants that are born within 37 weeks of gestational age. These infants contain very low iron capacity. During their postnatal period there might be deficiency of iron if it is not expanded from birth. The standard measure is to supply iron in these infants during the time of 6 to 8 weeks of age. (John & Mark, 2012) During this period, supplementation of iron is unnecessary as no active erythropoiesis is present. As this erythropoiesis is build up, the insufficient iron stores might get exhausted. This is normally followed by decline in the tissue iron that could lead to biochemical defects such as collagen and synthesis of DNA. A matured preterm brain is susceptible to effects

Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that permanently affects an individual’s ability to move such as body movement, muscle control and contraction, this can be caused by a combination of abnormal development or damage to parts of the brain that control movement, balance and posture. (2) Cerebral palsy is the most common movement disorder in children and premature birth is one of the many risk factors associated with the condition. This critical review examines an article that links Magnesium sulfate in lowering the chances of diagnosing cerebral palsy in infants. (1) The article, “A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Magnesium Sulfate for the Prevention of Cerebral palsy” is written by

The PICOT question that I wanted to identify was in the hospital setting how does repositioning patients compared to no repositioning reduce the risks of pressure ulcers over time. Pressure ulcers are increasing in some facilities due to not changing patients’ positions every two hours which causes skin break down. Patients are more at risk for skin infections and pain related to open skin exposure which leads to increased health care cost and negative patient outcomes. In researching what ways are effective in determining the effectiveness of repositioning to prevent pressure ulcers.

Critical Appraisal Byrne , C., (2012), Jeesis is alive! He is the King of Australia: segregated religious instruction, child identity and exclusion. British Journal of Religious Education. 34 (3) pp. 317-331.

This chapter will explore the main themes that have been identified from the four pieces of research selected for use in this literature review. The articles consist of two qualitative papers, one quantitative and one mixed methods. Two papers are from the United States, one is Australian and One is from the Republic of Ireland. No papers from the United Kingdom have been selected due to the lack of recent research on the selected topic and inferior quality of the available material. Moreover, the similarities within the Emergency departments are such that the research is both generalizable and transferable and can be applied in a British hospital setting.

Thomas, D.R. (2001). Issues and Dilemmas in the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: A Review. The Journals of Gerontology, 56 (6), M328-M340. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.6.M328

In this assignment I will be writing about the importance of research in nursing considering history of nursing and the difference between how research is performed nowadays. I will also be defining different types of research such as quantitative and qualitative research and giving an example of a nursing based research study that was carried out and how it is important to nursing presently.