Crvical Cancer Case Study

(Internal Preview: Most types of HPV have no negative effects except for the social stigma of having it. The 40 types that make up genital HPV also are usually harmless.)

There are 200 different strands of the HPV virus. Forty types are spread through sexual contact. The good news is that most people who contract the HPV virus will not have any adverse health effects. However, nearly all cervical cancer cases are linked to the HPV virus. Cervical cancer kills 3,710 women each year. The HPV virus can also cause oral cancer.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus. There are many genotypes HPV and some of them are oncogenic. They have envelope proteins E6 and E7 on their cell wall which are associated to initiate cancer. Anogenital lesions associated to HPV are divided into ‘low-risk’ types (6, 11, 34, 40, 42, and 43) and ‘high risk’ types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 73, and 82). Most of the low risk HPV infections are asymptomatic and are not fatal, however infection to high risk HPV such as type 16 and 18 may cause cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar and penile cancer (Centre of Disease Control, 2012). Low risk HPV generally cause warts on the skin surface which rarely develop into malignancy. Type 16 and 18 both were originally isolated from cervical carcinomas of human body. More than 70% of human cervical is due to the infection of either HPV 16 or 18. According to CDC, in 2008 it was estimated 11,070 cases of cervical cancer in United States and about 3,870 deaths due to cervical cancer. Higher percentage of HPV persistent infection occurs by HPV-16 and the risk of getting cervical cancer due the progression of disease is higher for HPV 16 and 18 and 45 (Tino F. Schwarz, 2008).

HPV, human papillomavirus is a communal infection that is common among adults. It is one of the main sources of sexual transmitted infection. Over 75% of women that are sexually active are most likely to be infected at least once in their life. This virus is known to be a worldwide disease. According to the World Health Organization, the risk of acquiring HPV infection is highest soon after a sexual encounter. Most of these infections are self-limiting and harmless. The virus is harmless because a number of people don’t realize they are infected, because the virus is often subclinical. Persistent infections with oncongenic HPV types can cause cervical cancer in women. Even though, both male and female can be affected by the

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease and is the second most common cause of cancer among women. HPV is group of viruses that causes warts on mucosal surfaces like the cervix, rectum, anus, penis, vulva, and mouth or throat. This condition is associated with ovarian cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer.

Human Papillomavirus, or better known as HPV is one of the most frequently sexually transmitted infections (STI 's) in the world. There are more than 100 strains or versions of the human papillomavirus, but not all of them are dangerous and harmful. The ones that are classified as high risk HPV (Such as 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 and 69) can cause problems such as genital warts and cancers, particularly in the organs such as the penis, anus, cervix and vagina1,2. HPV can be transferred through skin on skin and body on body contact (normally

Most cervical cancers are caused by the virus HPV (Human Papillomavirus). There are many types of HPV and some of them will show no symptoms at all. The Human Papillomavirus is considered a sexually transmitted infection and can be detected through a pap smear. A pap smear is screening of an early detection for cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and it is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. (Insinga, Glass, and Rush, 2004). This infection is prevalent among female ages 14-24 years (Roland, Benard, Soman, Breen, Kepka, Saraiya, 2013) and may occur within few years of first sexual intercourse but it may take many years to progress to

The most serious condition caused by HPV is cancer. Nearly all cervical cancer is caused by some type of HPV virus and both low and high risk strains can cause cancer, however 70% of all cervical cancer is caused by type 16 & 18. HPV can cause other type of genital and anal cancer as

Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy worldwide and about 70% of cervical cancers occurs in developing countries. [4] Also, it is the most common cause of cancer death in low income countries.[5] Infection with some types of HPV is

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus that has more than 40 different types that are transmitted through sexual contact. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease affecting more than 79 million people worldwide with more than 14 million new people being affected each year (CDC 2015). HPV is so common that more than half of all sexually active adults will be infected in their lifetime (AULT 2006). Most of the 40 types of HPV pose no health risk and are usually fended off by the body’s immune system but the four most common types of HPV, HPV16, 18, 11 and 6 are known to cause either cervical cancer (HPV16 and 18) or genital warts (HPV11 and 6). Different types of HPV

infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Doctors believe that women must have been infected by this virus before they will develop cervical cancer. HPVs are a group of more than 100 types of viruses that can cause warts, or papillomas, which are non-cancerous (benign) tumors. Certain types, however, cause cancer of the cervix. These are called “high-risk” types of HPV and include HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 31 HPV 33 and HPV 45, as well as some others.

Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in 90% of cervical cancer cases, HPV infection is transient and usually doesn’t lead to cancer, indicating that oncogenic

Sexually transmitted infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is very common, with approximately 50% of sexually active women having at least one HPV infection in the first 5 years following the initiation of sexual activity (3). HPV infection is considered necessary, though not sufficient, in order to develop cervical cancer. Evidence shows that almost all cervical cancers contain HPV DNA, and that the attributable risk of infection for cervical cancer is higher than that of smoking and lung cancer (6). Despite HPV being most commonly associated with cervical cancer, the virus is capable of causing a number of cancers and benign lesions of the genitoanal region in both men and women (4, 5). There are over 100 different genotypes of HPV based on the gene coding for the L1 capsid protein, of which can be further classified into either high-risk oncogenic types, or low-risk types (1, 5) . Of those considered high risk, HPV-16 and -18 are the

Human papillomavirus, more commonly known under the abbreviation of “HPV,” is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. HPV is known to cause genital warts and cancer, and currently there is no cure. There are, however, numerous ways to prevent it.