Abstract
HPV, human papillomavirus is a communal infection that is common among adults. It is one of the main sources of sexual transmitted infection. Over 75% of women that are sexually active are most likely to be infected at least once in their life. This virus is known to be a worldwide disease. According to the World Health Organization, the risk of acquiring HPV infection is highest soon after a sexual encounter. Most of these infections are self-limiting and harmless. The virus is harmless because a number of people don’t realize they are infected, because the virus is often subclinical. Persistent infections with oncongenic HPV types can cause cervical cancer in women. Even though, both male and female can be affected by the
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It is important for men to realize the steps in reducing the risk of HPV infection. Genital cancers are not common in men, but HPV infection can increase a man’s risk of getting it. Over half of men in the United States that are sexually active will acquire HPV at some point of time. Most of the time men will absolve the virus with no help or no health problems. Although the high-risk HPV can be cancerous, signs or symptoms hardly ever show up in women or men. In observation of the low-risk HPV, the warts are the most common symptom. Normally when diagnosing genital warts are visible, vinegar solution is sometimes applied to help identify warts that are not visible. Checking for high-risk HPV strains can be difficult because there is no routine test. It is recommended by a number of doctors that homosexuals or bisexual men have routine anal Pap test. Some doctors disagree with early treatments of warts, because normally warts will go away on its own. There are time different methods that can threat anal cancer, such as radiation, chemotherapy and …show more content…
Boys as young as eleven and twelve years of age through twenty-one are also recommended getting vaccinated. Men that are gay or bi-sexual should get vaccinated through age twenty-six, and men with weakened immune systems or HIV through age twenty-six.
There are other ways to prevent HPV for individuals that are having sexual activity condoms may reduce the chances of acquiring HPV, if used every time one have HPV, also choosing a partner who never had sex or had few partners.
There are protection vaccines that are effective and harmless for most common types of HPV. It is given to male and female in the doses of three for a period of six month. The vaccines works better if given at age eleven or twelve. There are two vaccines available for girls and women, Gardasil and Cervarix. Gardasil and Cervarix protect against genital warts, anal, vaginal, vulvar and cervical cancer. In men and boys Gardasil and Cervarix protects against genital warts and cancer this vaccine is also recommend for gay, bi-sexual, and men with compromised immune system including HIV. There are also other kinds of medication that can be used to treat or remove the wart, which include over-the counter salicylic acid for most common
What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significance of the Human Papillomavirus is that fifty percent of Americans who are sexually active will contract it within their lives, and at any given point there are twenty million Americans already infected with it (“By the numbers: HPV Vaccine”).
HPV is so common in the United States that nearly all men and women will contract the virus at some point during life (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). In the United States, in 2008, it is reported that 3.2 million, or one in four adolescent women, ages 14 to 19 have had or have an STD (Kostas-Polston et al., 2012). The rate of HPV cases has only increased since 2008. The prevalence of a genital infection with any HPV type was 42.5% among United States during 2013–2014 (CDC, 2017). The incidence of HPV in the United States is about 14 million people each year.
They can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the
The HPV virus has gone unseen by many until the recent controversy over the vaccine. However, this virus is thought to be one of the world’s most wide spread STD’s. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 6.2 million women and men are newly infected every year” with HPV. HPV has over 100 strains, with more than thirty that are sexually transmitted. Some of these strains are known to cause cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis cancers and others can cause genital warts. “Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100% effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine—including precancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina, and genital warts” (“HPV Questions and
The Centers for Disease Control recommend both girls and boys receive an immunization to protect against Human papillomavirus virus (HPV). It’s given in a three dose series between the ages of 11 and 12, but can start at the age of nine. Girls may receive one of two drugs, Cervarix or Gardasil, while boys only receive
There are two HPV vaccines available for females (Cervarix and Gardasil) that protect against cervical cancer (CDC, 2013). The CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization
Prophylactic vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus 16 and 18 represents an exciting means of protection against HPV related malignancy. However, this strategy alone, even if there is a level of cross protection against other oncogenic viruses, cannot completely prevent cervical cancer. In some countries cervical screening programs have reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 80 percent although this decline has now reached a plateau with current cancers occurring in patients who have failed to attend for screening or where the sensitivity of the tests have proved inadequate. Cervical screening is inevitably associated with significant anxiety for the many women who require investigation and treatment following abnormal cervical cytology. However, it is vitally important to stress the need for continued cervical screening to complement vaccination in order to optimize prevention in vaccines and prevent cervical cancer in older women where the value of vaccination is currently unclear. It is likely that vaccination will ultimately change the natural history of HPV disease by reducing the influence of the highly oncogenic types HPV 16 and 18. In the long term this is likely to lead to an increase in recommended screening intervals. HPV vaccination may also reduce
In addition, the article provides an overview of the disease, ways of transmission, vaccinations, emerging issues, and the role of a community health provider especially nurse practitioners (NP). The various databases to obtain the up-to-date information were reviewed in the paper. It states that promoting of HPV vaccination was especially vital because of the fact that 100% of the cases of cervical cancer were attributed to HPV and the vaccine was “the best method for primary prevention (Scott & Batty, 2016).
Almost all cervical carcinomas are caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer can be a life-threating disease. However, over recent years the occurrence of cervical cancer has declined as well as the chance of dying from it. A huge contributing factor to this decline is the importance of a regular pap smear. A pap smear can find cervical pre-cancer before it turns into cancer. Recently, a vaccine for HPV, has been on the market, which provides close to a 100% protection against pre-cancer and general warts. HPV and cervical cancer are two disease that are closely related. However, each disease effects not only similar populations, but also different populations, as well as having its own signs and symptoms, detection procedures,
HPV is the number one sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, and anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting the virus. HPV is transmitted through intimate skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the virus, and it is so common that most all sexually active men and women encounter a strain without ever knowing they’re infected (CDC). There are many strains of the HPV virus, some of which don’t cause cervical cancer. To help understand and classify the types of HPV, the terms low-risk and high-risk HPV are used. Some
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system
The HPV vaccine is cancer prevention. Over thousands of cases of HPV cancers are detected every year in men and women. The HPV vaccination is important because it can prevent these cancers. The United States Food and Drug Administration approved this vaccine and it is one hundred percent safe. This vaccine is preventive care for the second leading cancer in women. It has been proven to be one hundred percent effective in prevention of cervical cancer, but the vaccine must be given to children between the age of 11 -17 before they become sexually active. After the age seventeen with young women most become sexually active and receive their first pap smear from their gynecologist, receiving the vaccine at this point is not as effective in prevention of cancers. Another benefit of receiving the vaccine during adolescent, is it supports people who may not have the medical knowledge or access to regular medical services.
In addition, one can avoid some of the additional risk factors of HPV. The National Cancer Institute states that these include, “Smoking or chewing tobacco”, “Having a weakened immune system”, “Having many children”, ‘Long-term oral contraceptive use”, “Poor oral hygiene”, and “Chronic inflammation”(1). Overall, HPV can cause cancer, but there are steps one can take to avoid contracting the sexually transmitted disease and ultimately protecting themselves from getting a cancer associated with
Among the many arguments for mandatory HPV vaccination, the foremost is that it is an important medical achievement and a major public health milestone. This vaccine has proven to be one-hundred percent effective in preventing the 4 HPV strains that are responsible for seventy percent of cervical cancers and ninety percent of genital warts. In addition, no serious side effects have been identified. Because this vaccine is a preventive measure, administration before onset of sexual activity is ideal; however, even females who have been sexually active can still benefit from this vaccination (Perkins et al., 2010). Nationally and internationally, the HPV vaccine will significantly reduce disease burden by reducing monetary and psychological costs of invasive procedures that remove precancerous and cancerous lesions. By combining vaccination with routine Pap smear screening, these public health efforts have the remarkable opportunity to eradicate cervical cancer (Ramet et al., 2011).
III. How the HPV vaccine can prevent you from getting the virus which has an extremely high rate that can lead to cervical cancer. An example of how HPV can affect individuals is the experience that my cousin, Darlene went through after receiving an abnormal pap-smear.