Csa Trauma After Childhood Trauma

PTSD is increasing with expanding population today while the decreasing levels of mental healthcare services is making the mismatch more problematic for affected individuals and for the society as a

Many women choosing to have an abortion are unaware of the psychological effects it will have on them. Many are affected for years or maybe even lifetime after the procedure. Abortion can affect each woman differently, some claim that abortion has negative effects on women’s mental health. Women have abortions for different reasons within different personal, social, economic, and cultural contexts. All of these may lead to variability in women’s psychological reactions following the abortion. This paper will focus on answering the following questions:

Historically perinatal loss such as stillborn is rarely a topic of discussion. (Avelin, Erlandsson, Hildingsson, & Rådestad, 2011). Stillborn loss was not viewed as an problem, and was expected for mothers to forget about the baby, and have another one, while siblings were told to forget about the baby and not talk about the loss (Avelin et al., 2011). Perinatal loss responses can be vary widely as it covers variety of loss from pregnancy to birth within a few weeks, but most often it is an unexpected loss for many families who typically do not know what to do, what to expect and how to handle grief (O’leary & Warland, 2013). Furthermore, there is very little information on Stillbirth experiences especially about men who lose their child(Bonnette & Broom, 2012). Experiencing the loss of a child can be very difficult and often complicate grief which can affect parents social well being (Kersting & Wagner, 2012). In pregnancies that follows a loss such as perinatal loss, it has been found that parents experience high levels of psychological distress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress. (O’leary & Warland, 2013; Kersting & Wagner, 2012)

The phenomenon of interest (birth trauma and what it means to women) was clearly identified in the report. In the introduction the authors stated that women’s perception of birth trauma is quite different from the perception of the same phenomenon by health care providers. She also uses a term “in the eyes of the beholder” to emphasize that for every woman this phenomenon is unique. It is stated that PTSD after childbirth is quite prevalent and several studies support this fact. However, research is regarding the understanding of the birth trauma phenomenon from the woman’s experience lacking. The problem statement was worded clearly and directly and I wasn’t ambivalent about what problem will be discussed in the remainder of the article.

Seven Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised trials from OK, Australia and Sweden comparing postnatal debriefing interventions with standard postnatal care were included. The intervention consisted of at least one debriefing intervention session, which had the purpose of allowing women to describe their experience and to normalise their emotional reaction to that experience. No difference between standard postnatal care with debriefing and otherwise was noted within three months postpartum or at three to six months postpartum. The authors concluded that there is no evidence to support either any effect of psychological debriefing for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. (Bastos, Furuta,

Domestic violence is a topic that is under discussed and people need to be more educated on it. The impact of abuse cannot only harm the victim, but can also impact the lives of those in the victim’s life. During our class discussion, Christae stated, “ Most abuse occurs for the first time while a woman is pregnant”. This statement made me question how being abused while pregnant could ultimately affect the victim. I came across a study conducted by Chan et al. (2012) that analyzed the idea that violence against a pregnant woman cannot only affect herself, but also the child that she is carrying. This study had two main objectives which were to assess the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women who have exhibited child abuse and neglect (CAN), as well as addressing the link between mediation and intervention of IPV and subsequent CAN.

In different studies such as Elsevier Editorial System (tm) for Midwifery Manuscript Draft by Rhonda Joy Boorman has shown that recent research in Australia found that 45.5% of women birthing are seemingly to report childbearing as traumatic (Alcorn et al., 2010), resulting in a projected 135,000 Australian women annually self-rating parturition as traumatic. Experiencing a traumatic birth could negatively impact on a woman's emotional

Women often feel unprepared for the degree of perineal pain that they experience postnatally and its impact on activities of daily living, reporting feelings of isolation and lack of support throughout the postnatal period (Herron-Marx, Williams and Hicks, 2007a), therefore, encompassing community and hospital based midwifery care. Enduring perineal pain has long-term implications including depression (Pairman et al., 2011), with evidence supporting that the delivery of postnatal care is too short, as some women experience pain up until three months postnatally suffering in silence as there is no appropriate professional input (Whapples, 2014).

The trauma that comes along with abortion is not as lasting as one might think, it is researched

Those women also suffer from anxiety, anger, guilt, grief and panic (Beck, 2006; Allen, 1998). This experience left women to struggle with nightmares and flashback even years after birth due to dysfunctional coping strategies (Elmir et al., 2010; Simpson &Catling, 2015; Fenech &Thomson, 2014). Traumatic childbirth leads women to experience feeling of loss; loss of self, motherhood, and loss of family values. Traumatic childbirth disturbed the women’s relationships with her partner and her child, such as loss of sexual desire and intimacy, and impaired mother –infant attachment (Elmir et al., 2010; Fenech &Thomson, 2014). Subsequent pregnancies were affected by the experience of traumatic childbirth as those women developed secondary tocophopia or fear of childbirth, which was associated with women decision not to have any subsequent pregnancy or request caesarean section for subsequent births (Elmir et al.,

In conclusion, trauma does not limited itself to a society class, ethnicity group nor is it limited to a particular act; instead, trauma is an experience that extends itself in the moments when the human body’s natural response to discomfort and or fear fails to save and protect. Experiencing sexual abuse during childhood development is defined as a crisis. During that stage of human development, a child is not equipped with the proper tools to combat the physical, emotional, or spiritual ramifications of the act, and their natural ability for fight or flight does not impede the reoccurrence of the event. The child then develops into an adult with maladaptive coping skills to respond to external pain and disappointments. In some, an anxiety

Approximately twenty-five to thirty percent of those who have experienced a traumatic event will proceed to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (Fry, 2016). Those who have experienced a traumatic event and developed PTSD continue reliving it to an extent in which it interferes with their lives. The symptoms of the disorder affect the person’s life by interfering with daily activities and personal relationships with friends and family. There is

Qualitative research involves the process of discovering not only what people think but also why they believe it. The object is to get people to discuss their stance, beliefs, or viewpoints to acquire an understanding of their feelings and motivation. The qualitative research utilizes in-depth small group studies to steer and assists the development of theory. The outcome of qualitative research tends to be indicative of the opinion of the researcher rather than estimated.

More than fifty percent of women have regret after abortion. The majority of women who have abortions are depressed for years and years after the abortion. Studies show woman who have abortions are six to seven times more likely to commit suicide (Terzo). On many separate occasions women have reported having dreams about the child they aborted over and over and over again. Doctors at abortion clinics are misleading young scared pregnant woman and convincing them to have abortions. Some women are not warned about the emotional trauma that is in store from hem shortly following the termination of their child. Many women have shared that the doctors who performed their abortion ensured them this child was just a blob of tissue and it was no big deal that they were paying someone to murder their unborn

As women appropriate memories of CSA through the lens of the adult mind, the naturally ensuing questions of worth, identity and forgiveness will potentially challenge a system of belief in God. In attempting to bring this kaleidoscope of memories and life experiences into focus and for the victim to become a survivor, mentors, a community structure and a strong sense of conviction will aid in the development of resiliency. Within the spiritual model beliefs, values, social support, a sense of efficacy and hope are important; however, beliefs alone are inadequate for healing. Practical application of attitudes and beliefs is critical in providing a sense of relief and hope (Yarhouse et al., 2005, p. 43).