Caleb Saalfeld
Intro to Criminal Justice
28 March 2017
ϖ Police Violence
¬ Introduction
¬ Three Theories
♣ Sociological theories that government authority is most likely to be used against individuals of the inferior status
♣ Psychological theories contending that some officers are incline to utilize violence when confronted with aggressive and oppositional behavior
♣ Organizational theories contending that some police departments develop a culture that tolerates violence
♣ Whether the explanation is sociological, psychological, or organizational, the exact reason by which violence comes to be disproportionately used against minorities is unclear.
¬ Public Perception
♣ Racially-skewed policing contributes to a racial skew in public perceptions
♣ a poll
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♣ Through both state and federal law, criminal sanctions are available for officers that are guilty of using excessive force.
♣ State- officers guilty of excessive force potentially face criminal liability for assault or, in worst cases of fatal encounter, homicide.
♣ There were new statutes that would punish officers that violated internal policies regarding the use of force, or engaging in unprofessional behavior.
♣ Federal-officers acting under the color of law, willfully deprive an individual of constitutional rights (Rosenthal)
♣ Tennessee v. Garner the United states supreme court ruled that the use of deadly force to prevent an escaping felony suspect, is constitutionally unreasonable
• If officer thinks a fleeing suspect poses a threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others, deadly force is permitted
♣ What the public doesn’t know is that criminal liability, when it comes to the use of excessive force, seems to be a
In the court case Tennessee v. Garner, states that the Supreme court established a standard review for evaluating claims of excessive force arising from deadly force incidents. (Ross, 2015) The justification for utilizing deadly force to stop a suspect from fleeing was discussed in this case. In the case regarding officer Smith and Billy, Officer Smith used deadly force to stop Billy from escaping the liquor store. Billy’s protected rights were violated in the case. Tennessee v. Garner states that it is not permissible to use deadly force to stop the escape of a felony suspect under all circumstances. The Supreme court also stated that apprehension by the use of deadly force is a seizure subject to the fourth amendment reasonable requirement
The use of force is without a doubt an important aspect in policing. The decision to utilize any type of force comes from a multitude of recourses; department policies, training, situational variables and ethical systems. There are three major categories in which an officers use of force is categorized under; justifiable, excessive and deadly; with a thin line between justifiable and excessive. Cases where excessive force has been used, has lead to injuries, deaths, civil damages, officers convicted and sentenced to jail and police chiefs and elected officials being removed from office (Fyfe, 1988). It is an officer`s discretion in determining when the use of force is justifiable.
There are not that many cases of force used within the time frames of the officers coming around. It is a completely different story when looking at how many injuries are occurring from these arrests. “Injury rates to civilians ranged from seventeen to sixty-four percent (depending on the agency reporting) in use of force events, while injury rates to officers ranged from ten to twenty percent. Most injuries involved minor bruises, strains, and abrasions. Major injuries included dog bites, punctures, broken bones, internal injuries, and gunshot wounds.”
In addition, Governors in the last week or so have passed bills that could lead to greater punishment if one were to assault an officer regardless of how the altercation had even
The use of excessive force by police officers is an increasing problem and a major concern in the world today and resolving this issue should be top priority. Police officers are exceeding the minimum amount of force necessary to de-escalate a situation by using force that is causing death or serious bodily harm. There are many different establishments in the United States that are set up to protect and serve the public. Throughout the years (more prevalent in the media now) there have been many cases of excessive force used by different police departments around the U.S. Among the different police departments is the Houston police department, which is the fifth largest department in the U.S. The Houston Police Department has a rich history
Correctional officers must first understand this question: Is the use of force I’m applying justified as it relates to the proper accepted policy. This accepted use of force that any officer is using must be justified. This will prevent the officer and the correctional department from being held liable for improper use of force ("Hudson v. McMillian,"
The use of force is inevitable in police work. In many situations the lives of officers or civilians can be taken by not using force when necessary or using it improperly. Many factors come into play when an officer decides to use force. This includes is the use of force justified, has the officer been properly trained to use force, and will the department be held liable if the force is used improperly?
Whenever a law enforcement officer places an individual under arrest or is involved in a deadly force scenario the officer has used some degree of force. The incidents where an office has to make a split second decision and use physical force to control a situation is known as “Use of Force.” The use of force varies as situations present themselves to the officer and they must decide what level of force is necessary to control the situation. Often the use of force is subject to much debate and not a year goes by without some media coverage of some law enforcement officer accused of using excessive force. In dozens of studies of police use of force there is no single,
In addition to the feeling of being above the law, there are no practical and effective internal accountability mechanisms to regulate the excessive use of force by the police officers. Many police officers take advantage of
A growing concern in America is the unnecessary use of force police officers use on the innocent or those in their custody. The role of the police officer carries both power and authority and the abuse of that power and authority raises issues society must face. This paper discusses the problem of officers who use unnecessary force, what managers and executives are doing to deal with this problem and the ethical dilemmas associated with the use of excessive or unjustified force on the police department.
use of force is always a heavily debated topic for law enforcement. Every action an officer takes during an altercation when use of force is present, will be reviewed by chief’s, lieutenant’s captain’s etc. With the recent rise in officer involved shootings, the demand for less lethal force measures has begun to rise. The eighth amendment of the United States Constitution was made for protection against cruel and unusual punishment; if an officer uses lethal force in an altercation they have deprived that person of their rights. Also the fourteenth amendment gives us the right to due process; lethal force deprives us of that right. There is a saying that has come to light recently that law enforcement officers are the judge the jury and the executioner.
The use of excessive force by police officers is a topic that continues to make headlines and a study that needs to be done. Although much research has gone into this topic there still is no consensus on why the use of excessive force occurs. Some studies suggest lack of training and/or problems with organization policy/procedures. Law enforcement officers are authorized to use force when necessary, but when the level of force is excessive, however, the actions of the police come under scrutiny. The resulting effects can include; public outrage, scandal, negative reputation for not only the officer but the law enforcement community, and criminal considerations. Although there’s is no concrete definition of excessive force, police
There is a widespread and persistent problem of police brutality across the United States. Thousands of individual complaints about police abuse are reported each year and local authorities pay out millions of dollars to victims in damages after lawsuits. Police officers have beaten and shot unresisting suspects; they have misused batons, chemical sprays, and electro-shock weapons; they have injured or killed people by placing them in dangerous restraint holds.
In The Hobbit, most of the characters follow a certain role. These roles are called archetypes. An archetype is a typical example of a noun, and they are used to describe characters when they perform certain tasks that make them fit into a specific role. Archetypes play a big part in The Hobbit, and really help to enhance the story. Some of the most crucial characters in The Hobbit are archetypes, such as Bilbo, Gandalf, and Smaug.
Brave New World was a very enjoyable book that I read in the high school and its ending was also delightful. Soma in the book was defiantly an interesting drug, but if you had read the book you would see that it had side effects and it also made people sort of dull. If such a drug existed I would probably be interested in at least trying it out, however, in the book those who took soma sort of got hooked and addicted to the drug and I feel like that is something I may not be able to prevent so my final answer would probably no to taking soma. No one should be forced to do anything that they don’t consent too and so I don’t think that everyone should be forced to take it even if it was a safe drug mainly because people will begin to slowly lose