Demographic Transition

First of all, the demography is the study of human’s inhabitants. The population change over time because childbirths, deaths, and migration. Also, the population size can be reflecting by fertility, mortality, and migration. The fertility is the ability of women to product healthy offspring in abundance. On other word, it is the ability of a women to get pregnant. However, fertility depends into feelings, way of life, food habits, and take alcohol and other drugs. In demography, there are measures for fertility which is the crude birth rate and it is every twelve months’ quantity of live births for each thousand people in a population. The second thing that affect population size is mortality which means the quantity of death in inhabitants

It occurs when the number of population exceeds the resources of the country. It also happens when medical facilities decrease death rate and family planning is not so effective due to religious and cultural values of the society. Latest population figures show that population of Pakistan is 124.45 million and growth rate is 3 percent. In 1981, total population of the country was 84.25 million (Pakistan Basic Facts — 1994). Population growth increases dependency i.e. it increases the number of children who are consumers only. They contribute nothing in the production of the

The demographic transition model describes how the population of a country changes over time. It gives changes in birth rates and death rates, and shows that countries pass through five different stages of population change (Stage one – High fluctuation, Stage two – Early expanding, Stage three – Late expanding, Stage four – Low fluctuating and Stage five – Decline)

The demographic transition is a three-stage model of population growth in Europe. In the first stage there is a stable population because birth and death rates are both high. The second stage happens as mortality rates begin to slowly decline, but birth rates stay high. When this stage happens, there is fast population growth. During the third stage, the population is more stable as both birth and death rates are low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths which could ultimately create other social problems.

For the past two decades a shifting pattern of diseases and health care service has been observed globally as population increase. Epidemiological transition also known as demographic transition, is a model that is used to explain how population growth rates increase and decrease with respect to time and different factors that account into it such as infectious disease, chronic disease and industrialization. “Conceptually, the theory of epidemiologic transition focuses on the complex change in patterns of health and disease and on the interactions between these patterns and their demographic, economic and sociologic determinants and consequences” (Omran, 2005). This model describes the changing patterns of population distributions in four stages: Age of pestile and famine, age of declining pandemic, age of degenerative and man-made diseases, and postindustrial age.

The Demographic Transition Model is a simplification for the conventional process of shifts in population growth in our world’s countries. The Demographic Transition Model, also known as DTM, is derived from Great Britain’s model of their demographic cycle between the 1750s and the 1900s. It consists of five different stages, with the phases being low growth, increasing growth, population explosion, decreasing growth, and declining population. These phases are defined by a triple line graph of the crude birth rate, crude death rate, and the total population per one thousand people. The DTM applies to almost every country, but the different stages of the model the countries fit in varies. There are no countries remaining in Stage 1 anymore. Though, some are making it into Stage 5, and the addition of a Stage 6 is being considered.

According to Kunkel in “Global Aging: Comparative Perspectives on Aging and the Life Course”, the Demographic Transition Theory is a “... set of interrelated social and demographic changes that result in both rapid growth and aging of a population” (Kunkel 77). This theory essentially consists of stages that explain how most, but not all, countries undergo a stage of rapid fertility and death then see a decline in births, thus leading to a growth in the aging population.

The demographic transition model, derived by famed demographer Warren Thompson, is a model that conveys the demographic stage in which a certain country fits. This is broken up into five major stages. In stage 1, birth rates and death rates are high. This trend was common all around the world before the Industrial Revolution. So, population remains constant, however it can have major swings as events like wars or pandemics occur. Next, in stage 2, modern medicine becomes available and so it lowers death rates all while birth rates remain high; therefore, the population grows rapidly. Many of the least developed countries today are in this stage of the model. Next, in stage 3, birth rates decrease, almost always as a result of the improvement in economic conditions, women having more rights, and contraception being available. Population growth continues, however at a slower rate. Many of the developing countries today are in stage 3. In stage 4, birth and death rates are both very low. This fact stabilizes the population. Countries that fall in this stage tend to have strong economies, high levels of education available to most anyone, high quality healthcare, a large amount of women are working, and a fertility rate of around two children per woman during her childbearing years. Most of the developed countries today fall into this stage of the model. Stage 5 of the demographic

To begin with a demographic transition is basically the changes that occur within a society’s population whereby these are changes from high levels of crude birth and death rates with a low rate of natural increase to lower levels of crude death and birth rates yet still having a low rate of natural increase and having a higher total population, and all of these changes that occurs goes back to either developments in economy or changes in standard of living. Now as we all know each and every country has once experienced and witnessed changes in their population either having transformations in favor of the population or the opposite thus causing many disadvantages to the population. This process of the transition consists

The demographic transition is compiled of four stages that attempt to summarize the population shifts and economic development of countries. It is based on the levels of human fertility and mortality, birth rates, and death rates to be precise. These levels of birth and death have correlated with the evolution of industrialization and urbanization of areas. It illustrates the idea that over time there has been a shift from high birth rates and death rates to low rates of birth and death. It originated to describe the Western Experience in Europe, that first moved throughout the four stages.

It is a widely known fact that the population of the world increases by a great factor every year. However, not many people know what exactly is causing this upsurge. In the past century, the population has radically grown. The main things increasing the world’s population are medical care and infant mortality rates because both have changed drastically over the past century.

This spread in the demographic data available to contemporary researchers show that as nations become more developed, fertility rates do not increase exponentially as predicted, nor even linearly, but eventually plateau or potentially even decrease. This concept, demographic transition, has many contributing factors, many of which are uncertain. Still, even if these influences are poorly constrained, the overall trend towards replacement rates of reproduction is well established. The best example of steady and sustainable population levels is the European Union. The EU is highly industrially and agriculturally developed, yet has growth rates near zero percent, and not only a sufficient domestic food supply, but an exportable surplus of grains.

Demographic Transition - the transition to high death and birth rates to low death and birth rates

but is surrounded on all sides by extensive slums. This disparity can best be seen through the oil

Demography 's classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. Countries begin in the pre-transition phase where high mortality and high birth rates create slow population growth, which is considered a traditional society. The second phase is the transition where slowing mortality rates and high birth rates produce raid population growth. During this stage birth rate should begin to fall if the country is actively attempting to become a modern society. In the final stage low birth rates and low mortality rates bring the population growth back to a slow or stagnant pace, which is a modern society