Design: A quasi experimental design (study/control) was utilized to examine the effect of using risk reduction intervention to reduce risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.
Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient clinics in Menoufia University Hospital, at Shebin El-Kom City, Menuofia Governorate. The University Hospitals was selected because of the considerable number of people at high-risk for osteoporosis attending to these outpatient clinics (1500) patients every month. Also, University Hospital is suitable place for giving health education to the participants.
Sample: A convenience sample of Ninety subjects, who attended to the outpatient clinics, at Shebin El-Kom Menoufia University Hospital, Menuofia Governorate
…show more content…
Reasons for refusal included “not wanting to complete the interview because they didn’t have time. The final sample consisted of Eighty participants divided into forty subjects in the study group and forty subjects in the control group. The study group received the risk reduction intervention and the control group received routine hospital care. Calculation of Sample Size: In order to calculate the required sample size, the researcher used Epi statistical program from the Open Source Statistics for Public Health. The assumptions were: a two sided confidence level of 95% = (1- α); a power (1- β) or (% chance of detecting) of 80%; ratio of sample size, unexposed (control)/ exposed (study group) = 1% of unexposed with outcome (awareness) = 5%; Then the researcher entered one of four parameters which was % of exposed, s = 25%, and the others three parameters would be calculated by the Epi website program and results were presented using methods of Kelsey, Fleiss, and Fleiss (2010) with a continuity correction.
Instruments
I) Semi-Structured demographic Questionnaire to collect data about age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, residency, occupation, and past obstetric history for women (e.g. age of menopause, number of children, and number of abortion); medication used and family history. Data were collected by the investigator at the initial data collection point. These variables were collected through face to face interview.
II)
The article is from the American Journal of Public health and provides surveys, graphs and statistics. The article has multiple authors and they are all in the medical field or professors that work at high prestige Universities like Harvard or Northwestern University.It was last modified on February of 2013.The article is a peer review journal and because of the credentials of the authors it seems reliable and credible
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps (nof.org). This skeletal disease is characterized by the increase in the fragility of bones as a result of reduced bone mass density and the deformation of the structure of bone tissue (Angin,Erden,Can, 849). Many patients with osteoporosis are instructed by their doctor to exercise; as this will improve their rehabilitation of this disease and lessen the pain associated with it.
The management of osteoporosis patients start with the diagnosis by rolling out secondary causes and then confirm it by measuring bone mineral density (BMD). After that, begin the treatment with lifestyle changes, pharmacological medications, and surgery for some fractures if needed. In this essay I will cover generally the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis in five steps.
The method used to study the hypothesis was by having 328 women completed five surveys up to 72 hours postpartum. They were between the ages of 18-42. Out of the group 68.6% were married or living with a partner and 43.3% had a job. The average number of years the women spent in school was 8.8yrs. More than half (59.2%), did not complete high school and only 2% (6) completed higher education. From the group, 19.2% of them had a miscarriage before. More than half (51.5%) had already
Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.
As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1
This research consisted of key informants and general informants. These general informants were leaders in the community, granny midwives and African American and European American health care professionals. These general informants came from the clinics and hospitals where key informants were from. The key informants from each region were women who were either pregnant or had a baby within in a year preceding the study. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996)
IT was good study population with fairly high number of subjects. The de-identified demographic information was available from a reputed source. It includes the subjects in the right age group to be targeted for preventive services. The analysis was conducted in order to present the information which was easy to comprehend using categorical/dichotomous outcomes and predictor variables.
Throughout a lifetime, old bone is removed (resorption) and new bone is added (formation) to the skeleton. During childhood and teenage years, new bone is added faster than old bone is removed. Consequently, bone become larger, heavier, and denser. Bone formation continues at a pace faster than resorption until peak bone mass, which is reached around age 30. After age 30, bone resorption slowly exceeds bone formation. In women, bone loss is most rapid in the first years after menopause but persists throughout the postmenopausal years. Based on year 2000 census data, it is estimated that 55% of people age 50 and older have either osteoporosis or low bone mass. The major risk
Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle from the loss of tissue, generally as a result of specific changes. Risk factors that take part in the disease are things such as unchangeable risks like sex, age, race, family history and the size of the individual. Other risk factors include hormone levels and medication as well as dietary factors and life choices. Life choices that play a role are sedentary lifestyle these are people who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do their more-active counterparts, weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for your bones to ensure the bone remolding cycle ensures them to grow strong (MayoClinic, 2013). Common symptoms that one should take into
Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease of the bones generally brought on by the process of aging, unfortunately there can also be a number of underlying or secondary causes; however, preventative care and drug treatments can minimize the severity of this prevalent disease. Osteoporosis has been estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide (Bethel, 2015). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 9.9 million Americans have osteoporosis and an additional 43.1 million have low bone density.
This intervention aims to raise public awareness of Osteoporosis and inform patient of preventative measure that can be taken to reduce the likelihood developing the condition, especially with regards to dietary needs.
This study began in 1991 when researchers visited hospitals shortly after the participants were born. Ten locations were visited. During a span of 24 hours these women
(Kling, J. M., Clarke, B. L., & Sandhu, N. P., 2014, p. 567). Osteoporosis risk factors
Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, more common in females compared to males. Osteoporosis is defined as a “skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to increased risk of fractures (Manolagaas, 2014). Osteoporosis is defined as “a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue (What is osteoporosis?2014). Osteoporosis is sometimes also referred as “silent thief” as the bone loss occurs very slowly and silently without any symptoms (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). The most common site for fracture due to osteoporosis is hip followed by humerus (Woltman & den Hoed, 2010) . Osteoporosis can occur at any age, although it is a disorder common in females (especially post-menopausal females). Everyone is prone to osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). According to Osteoporosis Canada, 1 in 3 Canadian females and 1 in 5 Canadian males may suffer fractures due to osteoporosis during their lifetime (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Canadian health care system spends 1.2 billion dollars for the acute hospitalization caused by osteoporosis and in 2010 the health care system spent 3.9 billion dollars for the total treatment of osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Osteoporosis can be screened and diagnosed by various methods; however the dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used. If the T-score values are less than -1 and greater than -2.5SD it is termed as osteopenia,