Essay about Determining Vmax and Km of Alkaline Phosphatase

The temperature can have a major impact on an enzyme. According to Campbell Biology author Reece etc. 2011 “The enzyme reaction will increase as the temperature increase with the increasing temperature….substrates collide with active sites more frequently when the molecules move rapidly.”(Reece etc 2011) Every enzyme hits its optimal temperature the reaction will be at its highest point.(Reece etc. 2011) When the

The practical was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on the reaction of the enzyme acid phosphatase.

Temperature controls the speed the enzymes work at. Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy which increases the chance of collision therefore speeding up the rate of

State the optimum pH for sucrase activity and how sucrase activity changes at more acidic and alkaline pH values. The optimum pH for sucrase activity is 6 and decrease with greater acidic and alkalline values.

These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.

pH was recorded every time 1.00 mL of NaOH was added to beaker. When the amount of NaOH added to the beaker was about 5.00 mL away from the expected end point, NaOH was added very slowly. Approximately 0.20 mL of NaOH was added until the pH made a jump. The pH was recorded until it reached ~12. This was repeated two more times. The pKa of each trial are determined using the graphs made on excel.

The independent variable in this investigation is pH. Each individual enzyme has it’s own pH characteristic. This is because the hydrogen and ionic bonds between –NH2 and –COOH groups of the polypeptides that make up the enzyme, fix the exact arrangement of the active site of an enzyme. It is crucial to be aware of how even small changes in the

However if the temperature exceeds the optimum temperature the enzyme becomes denatured. This is because there is too much energy causing the enzyme molecules to vibrate causing the bonds maintaining their tertiary structure to break. The enzyme unravels causing the shape of the active site to change so it can no longer fit with the substrate.

point at which the protein degrades and denatures – or falls apart into its lower levelstructures. Denatured proteins will often return to their original state, after the removal of the denaturing agent, except when they are degraded multiple levels (such as Quaternary to Secondary). Rate of reaction through catalysis can also be increased by increasing the concentration of either the enzyme or the reactants; enzyme if all the active sites are full or the substrate if the active sites are not all full.

We did this to test which test tube would contain the highest concentration of glucose. What we wanted to know was if the lactase would affect the function of the enzyme. Our hypothesis is the lactase functions within a narrow pH and that will change in pH would affect the function of the enzyme. We predict that if we change the environmental factors it will have an effect the function of the enzyme if the pH is outside the range in its optimum activity. Our hypothesis was then proven because the reaction only occurred in a neutral and acidic state of pH, not basic. Which means the enzymes prime ability to function is a neutral, and acidic pH range.

My results visibly show that the optimum for this enzyme is pH 7, the pH at which the highest rate of oxygen production was obtained, at 0.80 cm3 sec-1, corresponding to the highest peak in the graph. The other rate values obtained from more acidic pHs, for example at pH 2 and pH 4 were much less, measuring 0.02 cm3 sec-1, and 0.07 cm3 sec-1, respectively. This shows that a decrease in pH from the optimum decreases the rate of the reaction. Subsequently, an increase in alkalinity had a similar effect, a decrease in rate, at pH 10 and pH 12, yielded rate values of 0.08 cm3 sec-1, and 0.07 cm3 sec-1, respectively. This shows that an increase in pH from the optimum also decreases the rate of the reaction.

pH can affect the overall shape of the enzyme by breaking intra and intermolecular bonds holding its form (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004). pH can also effect the polarity of a protein, at a given pH certain areas of a protein can be negatively, positively, or neutrally charged depending on the amino acids exposed on the surface of the molecule (Appling et al., 2016). If the pH of the environment strays from the enzyme’s optimal pH, its active sites can change in polarity causes substrates to not bind as well, lowering the rate of reaction. 3.

The temperature plays an important in helping the enzymes to perform their duties (Pierre Bauduin & Touraud, 2006). Enzymes like peroxidase catalyzes reaction causing a random collision with the substrate molecules since increasing temperature would increase the reaction of reaction forming more products (Meihua Zhaoa, Guangming Zenga, & Danlian Huanga, 2014). However, the increase in temperature would also increase the vibrational energy that the molecules have thus causing enzymes molecules puts the strain on the bonds that hold them together. From the values, an increase in temperature increases more bonds between weaker ionic and hydrogen bonds (Fernández-Fueyo, Castanera, & Ruiz-Dueñas, 2014). Extreme increase in temperature would however break as results of this strain. The breaking of the bonds within the enzymes (peroxidase) would cause the active site to change

reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow

The objective of the lab was to examine the effects of environmental variables on the functions of an enzyme. To the point, an experiment was conducted to test the effect of pH on the function of the enzyme Amylase.